Alkaloids

Question 1

Piperidinine alkaloids

Answer 1

Piperine, lobeline, lobelanine and lobelanidine

respiratory stimulant.
Antispasmodic,
bronchodilator.

Promotes the release of adrenalin and noradrenaline.

Lots of toxic side effects

Question 2

Tropane alkaloids

Answer 2

Atropa belladonna L., Thornapple, Datura stramonium L., Henbane, Hyoscyamus niger L.

Antispasmodic
Anticholinergic,
parasympatholytic:

reduces tremors and shaking in parkinsons

Hyoscyamine (levo-atropine)

Question 3

Quinoline alkaloids

Answer 3

quinine and quinidine.

anti malaria

Skeletal muscle relaxant, febrifuge for colds, cardiac arrhythmias and influenza.

Question 4

Isoquinoline alkaloids

Answer 4

Papaveraceae, berberidaceae and
ranunculaceae

Boldine.
Morphine, codeine.
Berberine, hydrastine and
palmatine.

general use Analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic and antispasmodic

liver support

Question 5

Isoquinone alkaloids

Answer 5

Berberine,

Antimicrobial against a wide range of bacteria.
Antioxidant and anticancer.
Anti radiation
Antiulcer

Question 6

Indole alkaloids

Answer 6

Passion flower, Passiflora incarnata L.
* Whole extract has an affinity to GABAa and b, AMPA, glycine, NMDA and chloride ion channel receptors.
* Physiological effects in vivo:
* Sedative, anxiolytic in dose dependent continuum.
* Analgesic.
* Anticonvulsant activity

Question 7

Purine alkaloids (methylxanthines)

Answer 7

Caffeine, Paraxanthine, Theobromine, Theophylline

potent CNS stimulants,

all of them stimulate cardiac, urinary systems, relax muscles

Question 8

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Answer 8

Non toxic, saturated PA as in echinacea.

Long-term intake associated with veno-occlusive liver disease.

• Crotalaria, Heliotropium, SenecioSymphytum officinalis L.

Symphytum officinalis L.