Alkenes

Question 1

Synthesis of alkenes and R&C

Answer 1

1. Elimination of water from alcohol
   - excess conc H2SO4, 170 degrees
2. Elimination of HX from halogenoalkanes
   - Ethanolic NaOH, heat

Question 2

Electrophilic addition of HX(g)

Answer 2

• HI(g)/HCl(g)/HBr(g), room temp
  to get halogenoalkane

Question 3

Electrophilic addition of X2(g)

Answer 3

• Cl2(g)/Br2(g) or Br2 in CCl4

Question 4

Electrophilic addition of X2(aq)

Answer 4

• Cl2(aq)/Br2(aq), room temp
  get halohydrin

Question 5

Reduction of alkenes

Answer 5

• H2 gas, Ni catalyst, heat
• get alkane

Question 6

Mild Oxidation

Answer 6

• cold KMnO4, H2SO4(aq)
• get diol

Question 7

Strong oxidation

Answer 7

• hot KMnO4, H2SO4(aq)
• add O to double bond, Oh to replace H

Question 8

Racemic mixture

Answer 8

• Carbocation is trigonal planar
• X- nucleophile can attack carbocation from either sides of the plane with equal probability
• racemic mixture is formed and is optically inactive