All

Question 1

What is the wealths of nation by ________ all about?

Answer 1

• How is it possible for a community where each member pursues self-interest (bias: let individuals pursue self-interest) to remain together? (You allow themselves to go everywhere and remain together because it benefits everyone else.)
• What guides each individual’s private business so that it conforms to the needs of the group?
• How does society manage to get the task necessary for its survival done without central planning and age-old traditions (he doesn’t want government to be involved in the economy pero magagwa pa rin natin yung mga gusto natin)?

Question 2

“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their ___________. We address ourselves not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our necessities but of their advantage.”

Answer 2

self-interest

Adam Smith

Question 3

What are the two laws of the market

Answer 3

• Invisible hand (laws of supply and demand) whereby the private interests and passions of men are led in the direction which is most aggregable to the interests o the whole society therefore there is no need for central planning.
• Demand is there, supply will come in (in order for them to benefit as well)

Question 4

It is possible that government will tell you this product should be just between this price range. Is that necessary? You let the _____________ determine the price and quantity of the product. Let people follow their _____________

Answer 4

invisible hand
self-interest.

Question 5

Laws of the market are ____________ (no need the state to regulate the economy)

four things they do

Answer 5

self-regulating

• Control prices,
• Produce demanded goods,
• Reduce prices,
• Similar incomes

Question 6

Individual self-interests of similarly motivated individuals will result in ___________–

Answer 6

competition

Question 7

Division of labor:

Answer 7

• increase production, increases the dexterity of workmen, saves time, application of machinery (smith), separation of trade &
  industry, and advancement of societies

Question 8

Wealth of nations (smith)

Answer 8

• Employ capital as near as home
  o Security
  o Knows the market
  o Knows who to trust
  o Knows the law of the country
• Support the domestic industry and direct it to produce more value.

Question 9

Market failures (free market – walang role yung government) (smith)

Answer 9

• Pollution/negative externality – it negatively affects other people; hindi binabayaran yung cost na may plastic ka; putting a price in pollution (Not Adam Smith anymore)

Question 10

David Ricardo Principles of political economy and taxation
Capitalists

Answer 10

Capitalists
- Invest to make profit
- Capital is their contribution to the society

Question 11

David Ricardo Principles of political economy and taxation
Landlords

Answer 11

Landlords
- Own land (contribution to economy)
- Rent/ differential rent (what they get from the economy; their share in the economy)
- Their interests are inimical to society (problem in the economy would be landlord and their interest)

Question 12

David Ricardo Principles of political economy and taxation
workers

Answer 12

Workers:
- Addicted to the domestic delights of society (spend to what they like; they’re not able to save and therefore do not have money to invest)
- Contribution to economy (own labor, bodies); their share/output in economy is wage
- Natural price and market price (actual wage received by workers)
- Natural price (kailangan ng laborer at ng family niya to survive) of labor is that price which is necessary to enable the laborers (family survival), one with another, to subsist and to perpetuate their race (price: cost of living now)
- If the market price of labor is more than the natural price of labor, then our laborers would be happy. Gagastusin lang nila sa bagay na hindi mahalaga. They would think about the future – having another member of familyIf opposite, hindi sila masaya.

Question 13

explain differential rent

Answer 13

May rent na binabayaran sa land, nagincrease ang population and food, kinakailangan nilang gagamit ng ibang lupa. Yung lupa nay un babayaran ng rent. Yung lupa nay un hindi makakapagproduce as much as before. Ang tawag doon ay differential rent. It will go to our land lords. Hindi nagbebenefit ang workers. If tumataas yung supply dapat bumababa yung presyo ng pagkain but tumataas siya dahil ginagamit na lupa ay yung hindi productive as before (mas madami kang iiinvest nap era)
Capitalists are not happy since kailangan nilang pataasin yung market price of labor. If they increase it, less profits for them. Less capital to invest in the economy.

Question 14

who’s idea is comparative advantage?

Answer 14

ricardo

Question 15

• Alientation (World of ideas; Idea of ______: if you are __________, you are a free thinker. (We are alienated because We are no longer free thinker) There is a separation between man and nature because we don’t understand nature

Answer 15

Hegel
not alienated

Question 16

Marx: We are ____________ because we are no longer __________; we have to ______________ to resolve the alienation

Answer 16

not ourselves, free creators, change the world

Question 17

(Adam smith: isang task lang gagawin mo – cut wires the whole day; for _________, that results to ___________. We can create many things but because of industrialization, we only create one thing. )

Answer 17

marx, alienation

Question 18

what is self-alienation

Answer 18

Self-alienation is understanding what is happening to you and you don’t do anything about it.

Question 19

Communist manifesto: Most of it are _______________

________ is cure for alienation

Answer 19

problems of capitalism

Communism

Question 20

Feurbach and marx: we are alienated because of __________
Feuerbach: to cure ourselves of this alienation, we should accept that __________
Marx: man should not have ________________

Answer 20

religion

god is a projection of ourselves, that god is a creation of man

no other god but himself. This is true humanity incarnated in the communist man

Question 21

• _______ and the dialectics (___________________)

Answer 21

Hegel
for every thesis, there is antithesis in the world of ideas

Question 22

• Marx and the __________ (4) (in material world, society undergoes changes/stages of development.)

What are the four stages?

Answer 22

historical dialectical materialism

Primitive communism
- hunting/gathering
2. Pastoralism
- taking care of animals
3. Feudalism
- plants & animals (land ownership)
4. Capitalism
- bourgeoisie vs proletariat
5. Socialism
- removing elements of capitalism
- communism will emerge through it
6. Communism
- no economic classes/state

thesis is primitive communism (hunting and javelin stage (hunt food, run for food) – we are equals but we did not stay in the condition. Nagkaroon tayo ng antithesis. Take care of animals/yung mga kakainin mo. Second stage is the pastoralism – meron paring tao na naghuhunt ng food but dominant way ay taking care of food. Next is feudalism, taking care of plants for food (need ng lupa). Master, slave, landlords, peasants. Because of historical dialectical materialism, meron pa ring elements from previous stage. Next stage is capitalism. The most important means of production is capital. Gusto nila magkneel yung capitalism to communism (capitalism -> socialism (interstage) -> communism); capitalism bears the seeds of its destruction will be replaced by socialism (you do away with the vestiges of capitalism – tatanggalin mo yung capitalism) until it is replaced by communism
- The various stages in the economic order represent an advance in terms of exploitation from the various eras. All of them reveal a relationship of exploitation by the ruling group. There are no economic classes in communism.
- They were studying the fourth stage (capitalism)

Question 23

______ and Surplus value

Answer 23

Marx

Labor has both use (how much you have produced – 6k dalawang chairs) and exchange values (wage given to you (actual) - 600): assumption is galing kay laborer yung materials
- The difference between use and exchange value is surplus value (6000-600)
- If the surplus value is kept by the capitalists, it is theft.
Exchange value – market price the same (David ricardo)

Question 24

• Capitalism bears the seeds of its own destruction

Answer 24

communist manifesto

Engels

Question 25

different classes according to marx and ergel

Answer 25

Different classes: Classes 1. Bourgeoisie (capitalists & landlords) - free competition and overproduction - family relations are reduced to money relations 2. Proletariat (workers) - commodity, susceptible to effects of market, appendage to machine - no family life or national character 3. Petite Bourgeoisie (professionals / small business owners) - middle class 4. Lumpenproletariat (social scum) - criminals & prostitutes Bourgeoisie - They have control over the state - They have defeated feudal lords - They have reduced family relations into merely money relations - It has forced others to adopt the bourgeious mode of production (creating a world after its own image) - There is free competition and an epidemic of production(urban settlers: high rise buildings) Proletaiat - They survive as long as they can find work, as they contribute to the increase in capital, as they sell themselves like a commodity - They become susceptible to the effects of the market - An appendage to the machine - No property, family relations are different from the family relations of the bourgeois, no national character (you are the appendage of the machine); they don’t have time to meet their family Other classes (Proletarian class) - Petite of petty bourgeoisie o Professionals, family-owned businesses, members of the middle-class - Lumpenproletariat o Dangerous class, the social scum o Prostitutes and criminals

Question 26

history of existing societies is a history of class struggle (can be seen in historical dialectical materialism)” - Capitalism has simplified class antagonisms. More and more, it will become a struggle of the proletariats against the bourgeoisie - The only class struggles is between bourgioues and prolitarians (will be the ones destroying capitalism) (one or another only in this stage)

Answer 26

The communist manifesto Engels

Question 27

All labor = forced labor

Answer 27

Karl Marx: the communist manifesto

Question 28

Development of the proletarian class consciousness (5)

Answer 28

1. Organized by the bourgeoisie (bring them together to work, factory) 2. Trade unions (they have the same miserable life, nadedevelop yung group consciousness natin sa factory; we learn that workers from other side of country have the same miserable life) 3. National struggle (we learn that our miserable life, we share that with the other trades – para sa isang capitalista) 4. Class (in other countries, have the same miserable life; beyond nationality, beyond trade) 5. Political party

Question 29

___________will be the intervening form of government. It signifies the transfer of political power from the bourgeoisie to the proletariat. Abolition of _____ Idea of communism is ___________

Answer 29

Socialism or the dictatorship fo the proletariat dictatorship of the proletariat - proletariat will take over the state - transfer of power from bourgeoisie to proletariat - abolition of family Family walang state

Question 30

Communist manifesto abolition of ... (4) Communism is abolition of …

Answer 30

1. Abolition of bourgeious property 2. Abolition of the family 3. Abolition of countries and nationality 4. Abolition of eternal truths, religion, all morality

Question 31

- “In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.”

Answer 31

communist manifesto

Question 32

“Working men of the world unite. They have nothing to lose but their chains.”

Answer 32

communist manifesto

Question 33

for ____, the capitalist control the proletariat because of power

Answer 33

Marx

Question 34

theory of social and economic organization thinker (2)

Answer 34

marx weber - examine social problems objectively - value-free empirical analysis -

Question 35

Marx weber wrote the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism wherein he argued that _______________

Answer 35

religion is a factor in the growth of capitalism

Question 36

marx: there is order in social relationship when also, it is legitimate when if these rules are important, they are legitimate

Answer 36

people acknowledge that there are rules governing the relationship if the rules are binding to those who are involved in the social relationship, then the order is legitimate

Question 37

for marx, actions are based on __________ not only on self-interest

Answer 37

legitimate orders

Question 38

types of legitimate orders

Answer 38

conventions - no organizations that implement them laws - created by government; implemented by police

Question 39

the existence of legitimate orders is guaranteed by ________________

Answer 39

self-interest and disinterested motives (affections, rational beliefs in legitimate orders, and religious attitudes)

Question 40

when a person's will is to intentionally carry out something that is against another party or parties

Answer 40

conflict

Question 41

when actors try to control or gain opportunities and advantages desired by others if governed by rules then such is a _____

Answer 41

competition, regulated competition

Question 42

is a struggle over social status. It does not involve conflict but the use of other behaviours _____

Answer 42

social selection, wit, strength, mental ability,

Question 43

it concerns survival of inherited characteristics

Answer 43

biological selection

Question 44

Pure types of legitimate authority

Answer 44

rational-legal authority traditional authority charismatic authority

Question 45

based on the rational belief in the orders' _____________ obedience is due to the _____________ importance of position/office elected officials

Answer 45

absolute value impersonal order rational-legal authority

Question 46

based on traditions (what exists now is legitimate) obedience is due to personal loyalty to _______

Answer 46

traditions traditional authority

Question 47

based on affects/emotions obedience due to __________ importance of exemplary characters of the person, revelation

Answer 47

charismatic, personal trust

Question 48

__________: Expresses the relationship between movement and the needs of the organism (society). (You can expect that there will be order in the society if the needs are met; then expect order in society) May gumagawa ba ng function na yun? Yung function na ibigay yung needs ng society which thinker

Answer 48

Function emile durkheim

Question 49

_____________: Expect order in society when the higher class effectively controls the lower class

Answer 49

Karl Marx

Question 50

Society is filled with symbols. The more these * are understood, you expect to have order in society.

Answer 50

Weiber

Question 51

3 functions of the division of labor and ano yung binibigay niya sa society mo which thinker

Answer 51

emile durkheim 1. Provides the necessary condition for the development of societies (intellectually and materially) a. Its effects are universally recognized 2. Source of civilization a. Civilization seems amoral, you can observe that in more advanced societies, one can observe more incidences of suicide and criminality (suicide – integration) 3. Forging solidarity – to cause coherence among friends (groupworks) (most important); society will not be possible without social solidarity – division of labor allows dependence

Question 51

3 functions of the division of labor and ano yung binibigay niya sa society mo which thinker

Answer 51

emile durkheim 1. Provides the necessary condition for the development of societies (intellectually and materially) a. Its effects are universally recognized 2. Source of civilization a. Civilization seems amoral, you can observe that in more advanced societies, one can observe more incidences of suicide and criminality (suicide – integration) 3. Forging solidarity – to cause coherence among friends (groupworks) (most important); society will not be possible without social solidarity – division of labor allows dependence