Evaluate the methodology and procedures of The Raine Study.
- A quasi-experiment.
- The research technique (PET scans).
- The sample.
Evaluate the alternative evidence of The Raine Study.
- A meta-analysis was conducted of 43 imaging studies that consider both antisocial and violent behaviour.
- It concluded that there was significantly reduced prefrontal activity in violent individuals.
- This has been supported by genetic studies. MAOA causes high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
- An association was found between MAOA and an increased likelihood of committing a crime.
Evaluate the ethical issues and social implications of The Raine Study.
- Valid consent.
- Socially sensitive research.
Evaluate the methodology and procedures of The Watson & Rayner Study.
- Controlled study.
- The sample.
Evaluate the alternative evidence of The Watson & Rayner Study.
The Two Process Theory
- CC can’t explain how phobias persist.
- When Albert didn’t experience the rat and the loud noise together, the conditioned response weakened.
- The first stage of the Two Process Theory is CC, the second is OC.
- CC explains how phobias are acquired, OC explains how they are maintained.
- An individual will avoid the phobia, the avoidance reduces fear and is therefore negatively reinforcing.
Evaluate the ethical issues and social implications of The Watson & Rayner Study.
The Watson & Rayner Study is one of the most unethical studies in psychology due to psychological harm.
- Creating fear.
- Lasting effects.
Evaluate the methodology and procedures of The Loftus & Palmer Study.
- Controlled experiment.
- Ecological validity.
- The sample.
Evaluate the alternative evidence of The Loftus & Palmer Study.
- There was a study involving a cardboard cut out of Bugs Bunny.
- College students were asked to evaluate advertising material about Disneyland. Embedded in this was misleading information about Bugs or Ariel.
- Neither could have been seen.
- Participants were assigned to either Bugs, Ariel or control.
- Participants in the Bugs or Ariel group were more likely to report shaking hands with these characters.
- Misleading information can create a false memory.
Evaluate the ethical issues and social implications of The Loftus & Palmer Study.
- Lack of valid consent.
- Psychological harm.
Evaluate the methodology and procedures of The Bowlby Study.
- No causal findings.
- Biased data.
Evaluate the alternative evidence of The Bowlby Study.
- Bowlbys research muddled together several different experiences.
- Separation alone may not cause long-lasting damage.
- A lack of emotional care before the age of 6 months appears to be something children can recover from.
- A lack of emotional care during key periods of development has lasting and severe consequences such as physical under development.
Evaluate the ethical issues and social implications of The Bowlby Study.
- Confidentiality & Privacy.
- Valid consent.
Evaluate the methodology and procedures of The Myers & Diener Study.
- Self-report.
- Correlations.
- The sample.
Evaluate the alternative evidence of The Myers & Diener Study.
- One idea is that happiness stays at a fairly steady level throughout life, with occasional highs or lows.
- This is ‘your happiness set point’, it could be partly due to genetics.
- One gene linked to happiness is 5-HTT, this controls your level of serotonin.
- People who have this gene report higher life satisfaction.
Evaluate the ethical issues and social implications of The Myers & Diener Study.
- Psychological harm.
- Socially sensitive research.
