Albuterol
Proventil, Ventolin
Class:
-Bronchodilator: Sympathomimetic (beta 2 specific)
Action:
- Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors
- Produces bronchodilation, relieves bronchospasm, and reduces airway resistance.
-ONSET= 5 min PEAK= 1 hr DURATION= up to 5 hours
Adenosine
Adenocard
Class:
Antiarrhythmic
Action:
-Slows electrical conduction through AV node, and interrupts re-entry pathway, converting SVT to NSR.
-ONSET=within 30 sec., DURATION= 1-2 min.
Amiodarone Hydrochloride
Cordarone, Pacerone, Nexterone
Class:
-Antiarrhythmic
Action:
- Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium channels in cardiac cells slowing conduction and prolongs repolarization.
- Has alpha and beta adrenergic blocking properties causing negative inotropic effects and reduces peripheral vascular resistance (afterload)
-ONSET= minutes DURATION= days
Aspirin, ASA
Acetylsalicylic Acid
Class:
-Platelet aggregation inhibitor
Action:
- Inhibits normal tendency for platelets to accumulate inside injured or occluded coronary arteries, thereby improving blood flow through vessels to better perfuse the heart
- Blocks formation of Thromboxin A2
ONSET= 15- 30 min DURATION= days (antiplatelet effects)
Atropine Sulfate
Class:
- Antiarrhythmic
- Anticholinergic
Action:
- Competes with acetylcholine for receptor sites blocking the PNS response at SA & AV nodes
- Increases heart rate by increasing electrical conduction through the heart
- Positive chronotropic properties with little or no inotropic effects
- Inhibits secretions by decreasing PNS effect on bronchial, salivary, sweat and GI glands
ONSET= IV/IO 2-4 min, IM 10-15 min DURATION= 2-6 hours
Atrovent
Ipratroprium Bromide
Class:
-Bronchodilator, anticholinergic
Action:
- Antagonizes the action of acetylcholine, preventing the interaction of acetylcholine with muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation
- Dries respiratory tract secretions
ONSET= within 15-30 min PEAK= 1-2 hours DURATION= 4-5 hours
Benadryl
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Class:
-Antihistamine
Action:
-Binds to histamine receptor sites, blocking H1 and H2 receptors
~H1 causes bronchoconstriction, airway swelling and vasodilation
~H2 causes secretion of gastric acid
-Does not prevent histamine release
ONSET= 15-30 min DURATION= 6-12 hours
Calcium Chloride
10% CaCl2
Class:
-Electrolyte
Action:
- Increases myocardial contractility
- Enhances ventricular automaticity
- Reverses cardio electric changes produced by hyperkalimia
- Shifts potassium back into cell to prevent intravascular hyperkalemia
ONSET= 5-15 min DURATION = dose dependent, may persist 4 hrs after IV/IO
Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
Class:
-Absorbent
Action:
- Binds and absorbs ingested toxins present in the GI tract
- Inhibits intestinal absorption, preventing systemic toxicity
ONSET= immediate DURATION= 4-12 hours
Dextrose/ Glucose
50%, D50 / 10%, D10, D10W
Class:
-Carbohydrate
Action:
-Increases blood glucose by providing quick release of free sugar into circulation
ONSET= 1 min DURATION = depends on degree of hypoglycemia
Dopamine Hydrochloride
Intropin
Class:
-Vasopressor: Sympathomimetic (both alpha and beta properties)
Action:
- At low and medium doses, selectively dilates blood vessels supplying the brain, kidneys, heart and GI tract.
- At medium to high doses, increases cardiac output by improving contractility and stroke volume, thereby increasing blood pressure.
- At high doses, causes vasoconstriction and increased heart rate.
ONSET= <5 min DURATION= approximately 10 min after drip is stopped
Epinephrine
Adrenaline, EPI
Class:
-Catecholamine: Sympathomimetic (both alpha and beta effects)
Action:
- On the bronchi: bronchodilation (beta-2)
- On the peripheral vasculature: vasoconstriction (alpha)
- On the heart:
- increased heart rate (beta-1)/ chronotropic
- increased contractility/ inotropic
- increased AV conduction/ dromotropic
- increased automaticity/ dromotropic
ONSET= IV/IO 1-2 min, IM/SC 5-10 min DURATION= IV/IO 5-10 min, IM/SC 1-4 hrs
Glucagon
Class:
-Antihypoglycemic: Pancreatic hormone
Action:
- Increases blood glucose by converting glycogen stored in the liver to glucose
- Inhibits synthesis of glycogen from glucose
ONSET= 20 min DURATION= 60-90 min
Lidocaine
2% Xylocaine
Class:
-Antiarrhythmic / Anesthetic
Action:
- Depresses depolarization and automaticity in the ventricles
- Increases the ventricular fibrillation threshold by increasing phase IV repolarization
- Amide-type local anesthetic
ONSET= 1-2 min DURATION= 10-20 min
Lidocaine Jelly 2%
Xylocaine Jelly
Class:
-Topical anesthetic
Action:
- Prohibits the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action
- Decreases irritation when airway tube is inserted thereby decreasing intracranial pressure
Morphine Sulfate
MS, MS04
Class:
- Opioid
- Narcotic analgesic
Action:
- CNS depressant acting on opiate receptors in the brain
- Potent analgesic and sedative
ONSET= 1-2 min DURATION= 2-7 hrs
Narcan
Naloxone Hydrochloride
Class:
-Opioid antagonist
Action:
-Reverses respiratory depression, sedation and hypotensive effects of opioid overdose by occupying opiate receptor sites
ONSET= IV/IO 1-2 min, IM 2-5 min DURATION= IV 30-60 min, IM longer
Nitroglycerine
NTG, Nitro
Class:
-Vasodilator
Action:
- Produces vasodilation by relaxing systemic venous and arterial vessels, thereby:
- Decreasing preload and afterload
- Decreasing myocardial workload
- Decreasing myocardial O2 consumption
- Dilates coronary arteries
ONSET= SL 2 min, topical 30-60 min DURATION= SL 30-60 min, topical 24 hrs
Normal Saline
0.9% solution sodium chloride, NS
Class:
-Electrolyte / isotonic crystalloid
Action:
- Electrolyte solution, which is osmotically equivalent to blood
- Increases the circulating volume of the vascular system. (2/3 of infused volume leaves vascular space within 1 hour)
Sodium Bicarbonate
Bicarb, NaHCO3
Class:
- Electrolyte
- Alkalinizing agaent
Action:
-Reducing acidosis or causes alkalosis by direct release of bicarbonate ion into circulation
ONSET= 2-10 min DURATION= 30-60 min
Versed
Midazolam
Class:
-Benzodiazepine: Sedative / Anticonvulsant
Action:
- CNS depressant
- Produces anterograde amnesia, then sedation
- Stops and prevents seizures
ONSET= IV/IO/IN 2 min, IM 15 min DURATION= 1-4 hrs
Zofran
Ondansetron
Class:
-Antiemetic
Action:
-Blocks serotonin receptors in vagus nerve terminals and in small intestine that trigger the vomiting reflex
ONSET= IV/IM and ODT up to 30 min DURATION= IV/IM and ODT 2 hrs
