RBT Exam > All Terms > Flashcards

All Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Applied Behavioral Analysis

A

treatment of behavior in Autism to improve clients’ life by increasing prosocial behaviors and decreasing maladaptive behaviors

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2
Q

Registered Behavior Technician

A
  • practices under BCBA
  • direct implementation
  • 5% of hours must be supervised by BCBA
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3
Q

BACB

A

Behavior Analyst Certification Board

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4
Q

Hierarchy

A
  1. BCBA
  2. BCaBA
  3. RBT
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5
Q

RBT Task List

A
  1. Measurement
  2. Assessment
  3. Skill Acquisition
  4. Behavior Reduction
  5. Documenting and Reporting
  6. Professional Conduct and Scope of Practice
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6
Q

Characteristics of ABA

A
  1. Applied - socially significant improvements
  2. Behavioral - observable behavior targeted for change
  3. Analytic - observable and repeatable methods, functional relationships
  4. Technological - clear procedures that can be replicated
  5. Conceptually Systematic - evidence based
  6. Effective - positive change
  7. Generality - last over time and applied to multiple social situations
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7
Q

Reinforcement

A

the addition or removal of a stimulus following a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated

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8
Q

Punishment

A

the addition or removal of a stimulus following a behavior that decreases the probability of that behavior being repeated

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9
Q

Motivating Operation

A

environmental variable that alters the reinforcing or punishing aspect of a stimulus/object/event, or alters the frequency of all behavior reinforced or punished by that stimulus/object/behavior

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10
Q

Stimulus Control

A

a situation where the frequency/duration/severity of behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus

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11
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

the basic principle of learning in which behavior is controlled by consequences (+/- reinforcement, +/- punishment)

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12
Q

Schedules of Reinforcement

A

rules specifying environmental arrangements and response conditions for reinforcement

  1. continuous
  2. intermittent
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13
Q

Continuous Reinforcement

A

reinforcement after every correct response

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14
Q

Intermittent Reinforcement

A

not continuous

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15
Q

Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement

A
  1. Fixed Ratio
  2. Fixed Interval
  3. Variable Ratio
  4. Variable Interval
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16
Q

Fixed Ratio

A

reinforcement after a constant number of correct responses

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17
Q

Fixed Interval

A

reinforcement given after a specific period of time

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18
Q

Variable Ratio

A

reinforcement varies but averages out at a specific number

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19
Q

Variable Interval

A

time periods vary but average at a specific time interval

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20
Q

Measurement

A

the process of applying quantitative labels to observed properties of events using a standard set of rules

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21
Q

Baseline Measurements

A

the initial data on targets in which we test future successes of an intervention against

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22
Q

Measurement/Data Collection

A
  • 5 trial data sheets
  • 1 initial probe data sheets
  • behavior tracking forms (frequency and duration)
  • ABC behavior charts
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23
Q

Properties of the Measurable Dimensions of Behavior

A
  1. Repeatability/Countable - count, rate, acceleration/deceleration
  2. Temporal Locus - when behavior occurs, latency
  3. Temporal Extent - duration of behavior
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24
Q

Rate

A

combination of count and the observable time, making it stronger and more comprehensive form of measurement

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25
Inter-Response Time (IRT)
measure of elapsed time between two successive responses
26
Continuous Measurement
measures all responses over a given period of time
27
Discontinuous Measurement
measures a specified time limit 1. Event Recording 2. Time Sampling
28
Event Recording
number of times a target behavior occurs and time period; for behaviors that are frequent enough to be recorded within a time period, but not too frequent that it is difficult to record accurately
29
Time Sampling
recording behavior during intervals or specific moments; observation in intervals; presence and absence of behavior is recorded 1. Whole Interval 2. Partial Interval 3. Momentary
30
Whole Interval Recording
continuous behavior with longer durations
31
Partial Interval Recording
used at the end of an interval
32
Momentary Time Sampling
captures whether behavior is occurring at the end of the interval
33
Permanent Product Recording
uses the effects of the environment to measure behavior
34
Characteristics of Behavior
1. Observable 2. Individual 3. Continuous 4. Determined by functional relations with other events 5. Variability is extrinsic to the organism When defining behavior, it should be done using and observational definition
35
Preference Assessment
stimulus that a person prefers, high vs. low, conditions 1. free operant observation 2. trial based methods
36
Free Operant Observation
contrived vs. naturalistic
37
Trial Based Methods
single, paired, and multiple stimuli
38
Four Methods of Assessment
1. Interviews 2. Checklists 3. Direct Observation (ABC) 4. Tests
39
Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)
the foundation to creating a behavior plan: 1. hypothesize the relationship between behavior and environmental events 2. determine function of target behavior 3. identify reinforcers 4. provide framework for treatment Steps: gather, interpret, test, develop intervention
40
Indirect Assessment
interviewing about behavior and conducting surveys
41
Descriptive Assessment
ABC continuous recording and ABC narrative
42
Effectiveness of Reinforcement
- reinforcement is most effective when used immediately after behavior - reinforcement always makes a behavior INCREASE
43
Positive Reinforcement
a preferred stimulus is added and the behavior increases ex. verbal praise, tangibles, access to preferred activities
44
Negative Reinforcement
an aversive stimulus is removed and the behavior increases ex. requesting removal of something, using social skills against bullying
45
Behavior Plan
- a strategy to reduce maladaptive behaviors and increase prosocial behaviors - it provides a framework and gives practitioners a common set of knowledge 1. description of the individual 2. goal of intervention 3. target behaviors 4. maintaining factors
46
Skill Acquisition Plan
programs used to increase specific skills and learning targets for a client
47
Task Analysis
breaking a complex skill into smaller and teachable units | ex. tying a shoe, writing, brushing teeth
48
Discrete Trial Training
a method of teaching in simplified and structured steps; the skill is broken down and built up using discrete trials
49
Prompting
antecedent stimuli used to either begin or correct a target behavior in order to help behaviors reach their targeted form 1. full physical 2. partial physical 3. modeling 4. gesturing 5. verbal 6. independent
50
Fading
progressing from the highest form of prompting to a lesser form of prompting; eventually, only the original stimulus preceding an independent response would result in reinforcement
51
Prompt Dependence
the situation in which a long history of prompting followed by reinforcement causes the learner to become dependent on assistance
52
Generalization
the learner's performance of a target behavior in a setting or stimulus in which direct training has not been provided
53
Maintenance
the extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after the intervention has been terminated
54
Functions of Behavior
1. Sensory/Automatic Reinforcement 2. Social Attention 3. Tangibles/Access 4. Escape/Avoidance
55
Differential Reinforcement
selective reinforcement of one behavior from among others; used when a behavior already occurs and good form, but tends to get lost among other behavior -DRO, DRA, DRI, DRL/DRH
56
DRO
differential of other behavior; reinforcement is delivered whenever the problem behavior does NOT occur
57
DRA
differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors; reinforcement is provided for a desired alternative behavior in order to decrease the target behavior
58
DRI
differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors; reinforcement is provided to a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the behavior targeted for decrease
59
DRL/DRH
differential reinforcement of lower/higher rates; used when behaviors are needed to gradually increase (DRH) or decrease (DRL)
60
Extinction
condition where reinforcement is stopped completely, resulting in the behavior's frequency decreasing
61
Errorless Teaching Procedure
1. Prompt 2. Transfer 3. Distract 4. Check
62
Multiple Exemplar Training
using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization
63
Phase Change Line
demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph
64
3 Step Discrimination Training Procedure
1. teach in isolation 2. add distracters 3. mix in mastered items
65
Conditioned Reinforcer
anything that is paired with a primary reinforcer
66
Unconditioned Reinforcer
things such as food and shelter that are inherently reinforcing
67
Forward Chaining
teaching behavioral skills beginning with the first step
68
Backward Chaining
teaching a behavioral skill beginning with the last step
69
Extinction Burst
a temporary increase in behavior that occurs at the beginning of an extinction procedure
70
Abolishing Operation
a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus object makes you want something less
71
Establishing Operation
a motivating operation that establishes the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer makes you want something more
72
Antecedent
Environmental event that occurs before the behavior
73
Behavior
Actions and skills, both good and bad
74
Consequence
Environmental event that occurs after the behavior
75
Operational Definition
1. Objective 2. Clear 3. Complete
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