✓ Actively occurs at pH: 9.0
✓ Major tissue sources: bone, liver, intestinal, placenta
✓ facilitates the transfer of metabolites across cell membranes associated with lipid transport
and the calcification process in osseous tissue
ALP
Major Isoenzymes:
- Bone ALP
- Liver ALP
- Intestinal ALP
- Placental ALP
✓ Most useful single technique for ALP isoenzyme analysis
Electrophoretic pattern
Electrophoretic pattern slow to fast
Intestine
Placental
Bone
Liver
Heat Stability
✓______ can resist heat 65 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes
Placental ALP
✓________: Most heat stable of all ALP isoenzyme
Regan Isoenzyme
Stable to Labile
Placental
Intestine
Liver
Bone
Stable to Labile
Placental
Intestine
Liver
Bone
❖ Adenocarcinoma of pancreas and bile duct and pleural cancer
❖ Originates from placenta
Nagao Isoenzyme
❖ Found in lung, breast, ovarian and gynecological cancers
❖ Most heat stable of al ALP isoenzymes
❖ Originates from placenta
Regan Isoenzyme
❖ Hepatoma
❖ Referred as the Regan Variant
❖ Originate from placenta
Kasahara Isoenzyme
Intestinal, Placental, Regan, Nagao
L-phenylalanine
Liver and Bone
Levamisole
Bone
2M urea
Nagao
L-Leucine
ALP methods
Bessy-Lowry-Brock
Bowers-McComb
Bessy-Lowry-Brock
Bowers-McComb
REAGENT
Para-nitrophenylphosphate
❖ Often used to evaluate Hepatobiliary (Obstructive conditions) and bone disorders
ALP
❖ Often used to evaluate Hepatobiliary (Obstructive conditions) and bone disorders
ALP
Highest Elevation of ALP is seen in_____
Osteitis deformans or Paget`s disease
❖ _______3-10x elevation of ALP
❖ Hepatocellular disorders (cirrhosis and hepatitis) produced only in slight elevation
Biliary obstruction (Cholestasis):
