1
Q
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
A
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- partial FAS (pFAS)
- Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
- Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)
2
Q
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
A
most severe; CNS issues w/ physical/facial abnormalities
3
Q
partial FAS (pFAS)
A
less severe; CNS + facial abnormalities
4
Q
Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
A
CNS issues w/o major physical/facial abnormalities
5
Q
Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)
A
major organ issues w/o other prominent issues
6
Q
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is__ & is linked to__
A
- unexpected & unexplained death under 12mo
- linked to serotonin abnormalities in the medulla
7
Q
Boys early onset puberty
A
- mostly pros- higher self-esteem, social maturity, popular, athletic
- cons- higher alcohol use, antisocial behavior, higher precocious sexual behaviors
8
Q
Boys later onset puberty
A
- cons- lower self-esteem, less popular, poor academics, higher depression/anxiety
9
Q
Girls early onset puberty
A
all negatives
10
Q
Girls late onset puberty
A
no definitive research outcomes
11
Q
types of infant cries
A
- pain: loud-pitched w/ holding breath
- hunger: low-pitched rhythmic
- anger: shrilled, irregular
12
Q
Piaget’s Constructivist Theory believes that cog development is a combo of__
A
a combo of biological maturation & experience
13
Q
Piaget’s Constructivist Theory: 4 Main Stages + age
A
4 universal stages:
1. Sensorimotor: 0-2y/o
2. Preoperational: 2-7y/o
3. Concrete operational: 7-12y/o
4. Formal operational: 12y/o-adult
14
Q
Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage
A
- reflexitive reaction
- primary circular reaction (repeating)
- secondary circular reaction (reproduces action of object/person)
- coordination of secondary circular reaction (goal-oriented; object permanence)
- tertiary circular reaction (experiments w/ actions)
- internalization of schemes (problem solving)
15
Q
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
A
- transductive reasoning (causality is everywhere)
- egocentrism
- magical thinking
- animism
- inability to conserve (centration: focusing on one aspect; + irreversibility)
16
Q
Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage
A
- use of logical operations
- decentration
- reversibility
- horizontal decalage (numbers first, length, liquid, mass/weight, volume)
17
Q
Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage
A
- renewed egocentrism
- imaginary audience
- personal fable
18
Q
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
A
- private speech
- zone of proximal development
- scaffolding
- make-believe/symbolic play
19
Q
Theory of Mind (age + tasks)
A
- 3-7y/o
- false-belief & change of location (4.5+ y/o will understand)
20
Q
separation anxiety starts at __mo & worsens at __
A
6 - 8 months; 14 -18 months
21
Q
Temperament (Thomas & Chess)
A
- easy children
- slow-to-warm up children
- difficulty children
- goodness of fit; temperment to match social environment
22
Q
Temperament (Rothbart)
A
- reactivity (surgency/extraversion + negative affectivity)
- self-regulation (effortful control)
23
Q
Temperament (Kagan)
A
behavioral inhibition (BI); function across lifespan
24
Q
Freud psychosexual development
A
- Oral (0-1)
- Anal (1-3)
- Phallic (3-6)
- Latency (6-12)
- Genital (teen)
25
Erikson psychosocial development
I **hope** you **will** have **purpose** & **competency** in **fidelity**, **love**, **care** & **wisdom**
1. trust vs mistrust (0-1)
2. autonomy vs shame & doubt (1-3)
3. initiative vs guilt (3-6)
4. industry vs inferiority (6-12)
5. identity vs role confusion (teen)
6. intimacy vs isolation (young adult)
7. generativity vs stagnation (middle adult)
8. integrity vs despair (late adult)
26
Authoritative parents
highly demanding & highly responsive (best outcomes)
27
Authoritarian parents
highly demanding & low responsive (outcomes: aggressive/oppositional behaviors over lifespan, be a bully)
28
Permissive parents
low demanding & high responsive (outcomes: self-centered, bullied)
29
Uninvolved parents
rejecting-neglecting, low demanding & low responsive (worst outcomes)
30
self-awareness age + test + exceptions
* 18 -24mo
* mirror self-recognition test
* Down syndrome + ASD pass at 3-4y/o
31
self-understanding (self-awareness) stages
1. Early childhood (2-6y/o): gender & age apply to kids, then concrete observable differences (eye color)
2. Middle childhood (7-11y/o): self-descriptions are generalized & involve social comparisons
3. Adolescents (12-18y/o): describe themselves in abstract qualities/beliefs & recognize inconsistencies in their traits
32
Gender Identity (Cognitive Developmental Theory) + age
1. gender identity (2-3y/o)
2. gender stability (4y/o)
3. gender constancy (6-7y/o)
33
Gender Identity (Social Learning Theory)
* gender-typed preferences/behaviors precedes gender-related beliefs
* Bandura: modeling from same-gendered others & differential reinforcement
34
Gender Identity (Gender Schema Theory)
**Gender-schemati**c people are more likely than **gender-aschematic** people to use gender norms to guide their own behavior & judge others’
35
Gender Components (Egan & Perry’s Multidimensional Model)
1. membership knowledge
2. gender typicality
3. gender contentedness
4. felt pressure
5. intergroup bias
36
Gender Identity (Androgyny)
Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI):
1. feminine (high feminine/low masculine)
2. masculine (low feminine/high masculine)
3. androgynous (high feminine/high masculine)
4. undifferentiated (low feminine/low masculine)
* androgyny has a greater range of response to situations
37
Marica’s 4 identity statuses (teen identity)
Erikson's mistress
1. identity diffusion: no crisis, no commitment
2. identity foreclosure: no crisis, commitment to parents' beliefs/goals
3. identity moratorium: crisis, no commitment
4. identity achievement: from crisis comes strong commitment
38
Bowlby’s ethological theory
mothers & infants are biologically predisposed to form an attachment to ensure the infant’s survival
39
Consequences of Attachment
* autonomous (secure)
* preoccupied (resistant)
* dissmissing (avoidant)
40
instrumental aggression
proactive aggression to obtain something
41
hostile aggression
driven by anger; to hurt (physical, verbal, relational)
42
Play (Parten)
* Nonsocial (unoccupied, solitary, onlooker)
* Social (parallel, associative, cooperative)
43
Friendships (Selman) + age
1. momentary playmate (3y/o+)
2. one-way assistance (5y/o+)
3. two-way assistance/fair weather (7y/o+)
4. intimate, mutually shared (8y/o+
5. mature (12y/o+)
44
Friendships (Damon)
1. handy playmate (4-7y/o)
2. mutual trust & assistance
3. intimacy & loyality (11y/o+)
45
Peer Status
* rejected-aggressive children
* rejected-withdrawn children
* neglected children (well-adjusted)
46
in ___ Selectivity Theory, friendship is viewed in terms of perceived time: the two types include __
Socioemotional;
* time as unlimited: future-oriented, knowledge seeking
* time as limited: present-oriented, emotional closeness
47
Rowe & Kahn’s Aging Model
* reduce risk of disease/disabilities
* maintain high cog/physical function
* stay actively engaged w/ life
48
Baltes & Baltes Selective Optimization with Compensation Model (SOC)
aging:
* selection- narrowing goals to most important
* optimization- skills needs for goals
* compensation- obtaining assistance to achieve goals
49
Piaget’s Moral Theory + ages
1. Premoral 5y/o-: limited
2. Heteronomous 5y/o: consequences
3. Autonomous: 10y/o: intentions
50
Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning Theory
1. Preconventional Morality: (punishment & obedience; instrumental hedonism)
2. Conventional Morality: (good girl/good boy; law & order)
3. Postconventional Morality: (morality of contract, individual rights, & democratically accepted laws; morality of individual principles, universal justice/fairness)
51
Walker’s Cycle of Violence
1. building phase
2. acute battering incident
3. loving contrition phase
52
Johnson’s Typology (IPV)
1. intimate terrorism (males)
2. violent resistance (females)
3. mutual violent control (least/both)
4. situational couple violence (most)
53
Freud Therapy: problems are the result of
unconscious unresolved conflicts from childhood
54
Jungian Therapy: behavior is driven by
* pos + neg forces
* past & future
55
Adler: problems are the result of
feelings of inferiority; lack of concern for others
56
Object Relations: problems are the result of
issues in the separation-individuation stage
57
Object Relations: goal + interventions
* goal: improve relationships by replacing maladaptive introjects w/ adaptive ones
* empathic acceptance, analysis of resistance & transference
58
Object Relations Stages
1. Normal autistic stage (first few weeks): self-absorbed, environmentally unaware
2. Normal symbiotic stage: unable to differentiate self from caregivers
3. Separation-individuation (5mo - 3y/o): differentiation, practicing, rapprochement, & beginning of object constancy
59
Adlerian Therapy: goal + interventions
* goal: replace mistaken lifestyle w/ healthy
* early recollections, dream analysis, & acting “as if”
60
Jung: goal + interventions
* goal: bring unconscious material into consciousness to facilitate individualization
* dream interpretation & analysis of transference
61
Freud Therapy: goal + interventions
* goal: make the unconscious conscious & strengthen the reality of ego to reduce instinctual cravings & guilt
* confrontation, clarification, interpretation, & repeated interpretation (working through)
* free associations, dreams, resistance, & transference
62
Freud Defense Mechanisms
* Repression
* Projection
* Denial
* Reaction formation (opposite)
* Sublimation (adaptive)
63
Person-Centered Therapy (Rogers): goal + interventions
* goal: fully functioning w/o defensiveness, open to new experiences, self-actualization
* empathy, unconditional positive regard, & congruence
64
Person-Centered Therapy (Rogers): problems are the result of
incongruence in the self-concept & experience (conditions of worth)
65
Gestalt: problems are the result of
* boundaries disturbances of self & environment (projection, introjection, reflection, deflection, confluence)
* disrupted homeostasis by unfulfilled needs
66
Gestalt: goal + interventions
* goal: gain awareness of thoughts, feelings, & actions
* dream work, empty chair, & transference (fantasies vs reality)
67
Existential Therapy: problems are the result of
* anxiety about death, freedom, isolation, & meaningless
68
Existential Therapy: goal + interventions
* goal: live more authenticly, choose values/purpose to live by
* authentic rapport is most important, questioning, interpretation, & reframing
69
Reality Therapy: problems are the result of
failure identity; unfulfilled needs of love/belonging, power, fun, freedom, & survival
70
Reality Therapy: goal + interventions
* goal: replace failure identity w/ success identity; assume responsibility for own actions; adopt appropriate need fulfillment
* WDEP: wants/needs, doing to be aware, eval behaviors, plan action
71
Positive Therapy: goal + interventions
* goal: subjective experience, happiness for the present + future
* PERMA: Positive emotions, Engage w/ flow, Relationships are positive & meaningful, Meaning beyond one’s self, Accomplishment-achievement of goals
72
Personal Construct: goal + interventions
* goal: change perceptions of bipolar dimensions to change behavior/outcomes (fair/unfair, enemy/friend)
* therapists are partners, role-playing a fictional character
73
Brief Therapy: Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
* acute depresion, clients are "sick"
1. Initial Stage: dx, primary problems
2. Middle Stage: (ER-CD) Encouragement of affect, Role-play, & communication & decision analysis
3. Final Stage: termination + relapse prevention
74
Tx of Depression
* **Psychotherapy, psychopharm (equal), & a combination (more effective)**
* **St. John’s Wort** (serotonin syndrome)
* **Ketamine/Esketamine** + antidepressant: fast-acting nose spray, tx resistant, increases glutamate
* **ECT**: best for severe; highest response + remission rates
* **rTMS**: no sedation, but not very effective
75
Delusional dx
* Jealousy, Somatic, Persecutory, Erotomaniac, Grandiose
* 1+ delusions
* 1mo+
76
Cyclothymic dx
* many hypomanic + MDD symptoms w/o meeting criteria
* 2yr+ 18y/o+
* 1yr+ 18y/o-
77
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation dx
* 1+ verbal/behavioral outburst
* 3x/wk
* irritable/angry mood between outbursts ~qD for most of the day.
78
ODD dx
* recurrent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, &/or vindictiveness as evidenced
* 4+ symp. Toward 1+ persons other than siblings
* 6mo+
79
Conduct Disorder dx
* behavior that violates the basic rights of others
* repeated acts of aggression
* Aggression to people + animals; Destruction of property; Deceitfulness/theft; Serious violation of rules
* 3+ symp. w/i the past 12mos & 1+ symp. w/i the past 6mos
* **Specify**: number of conduct problems + their consequences (mild, moderate, & severe)
* no dx 18y/o+ who meets criteria for Antisocial Personality
* **Subtype**: Childhood-onset w/ 1+ symp. prior to 10y/o. Adolescent-onset w. no symptoms prior to 10y/o. Unspecified onset when onset unknown
80
Etic
when a **T**herapist believes culture doesn't impact interventions; behavior is **T**he same across all culturres.
81
High vs Low Context
* High-context communication: nonverbal communication is important (the "context" is key)
* Low-context communication: verbal communication is important
82
minority stress theory is about ___minorities; includes processes that are ___, which includes internalized heterosexism & ___ which are external discrimination
sexual-minorites; proxmial; distal
83
Fidelity-adaption dilemma
to what degree one should adopt a standardized strict protocol w/o cultural adaptation
84
Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (R/CID) stages + therapist preference
1. **conformity**: majority therapist
2. **dissonance**: majority therapist w/ background on minority
3. **resistance-immerson**: skeptical of mental health; minortity therapist
4. **introspection**: minotrity therapist or majorty w/ same worldview
5. **Integrative awareness**: therapist w/ same worldview
85
Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development Model stages
1. **pre-encounter**: pro White
2. **encounter**: experienced racism
3. **immerson-emerson**: anti White
4. **internalization**: tolerant of Whites, decrease defensiveness
5. **internalization commitment**: social activism
86
Seller's Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI)
1. Racial **Salience**: race is relevant to their self-concept at a particular point in time & situation
2. Racial **Centrality**: defines themselves in terms of race
3. Racial **Regard**: **private** regard- internal opinion of own race; **public** regard- perception on how others view one's race
4. Racial **Ideology**: **nationalistic**- control over own destiny; **oppressed minority**- coalition w/ other minorities; **assimilationist**- work w/i the system to make change; **humanist**- likeness of all humans, race has low centrality.
87
Helms’s White Racial Identity Development (WRID) Model
1. **contact**: IPS: oblivious
2. **disintegration**: IPS: suppression & ambivalence
3. **reintegration**: IPS: selective perception & negative out-group distortion
4. **pseudo-independence**: IPS: reshaping reality & selective perception
5. **immerson-emerson**: IPS: hypervigilance & reshaping
6. **autonomy**: IPS: flexibility & complexity.
88
Troiden’s Model of Homosexual Identity Development
1. **Sensitization**: childhood stage
2. **Identity Confusion**: mid-late teen stage
3. **Identity Assumption**: 19-21y/o males & 21-23y/o females
4. **Identity Commitment**: disclosure
89
Worthington's Model of Heterosexual Identity Development
assumes sexual identity is an individual & social process.
1. Unexplored commitment
2. Active exploration
3. Diffusion
4. Deepening & commitment
5. Synthesis
90
Microassaults
meant to hurt the person; ex: name-calling
91
Microinsults
demeaning a person’s racial background; ex: assuming ppl of color are dangerous
92
Microinvalidations
communication that nullifies one's racial expereince; colorblindness
93
Acculturation Strategies
* **Integration**: adopt both
* **Assimilation**: adopt majority, reject minority
* **Separation**: reject majority, keep minority
* **Marginalization**: reject both
94
Eysenck thoughts on intelligence, personality, & therapy
* intelligence is most inherited w/ about 80% variability in IQ
* personality is heavily inherited, w/ 3 major traits (extroversion, neuroticism, & psychoticism)
* believed therapy is ineffective & maybe detrimental
95
Caplan’s Model of Prevention
1. Primary Prevention: aimed at a population or group
2. Secondary Prevention: aimed at specific individuals identified as elevated risk
3. Tertiary Prevention: targets already diagnosed people & includes relapse prevention
96
Gordon’s Model of Prevention
1. Universal prevention: aimed at entire populations
2. Selective prevention: aimed at individuals w/ increased risk
3. Indicated preventions: aimed at individuals known to be high-risk
97
CBT for Suicide Prevention stages
* Acute phase: uses chain analysis + SPI 6
* Continuation phase: generalizing skills + relapse prevention
98
Mindfulness-Based-CBT
* attention & emotion
* body awareness
* decentering/reperceiving
99
ACT: types of pain + cog flexibility EVACC
**EVACC**
* clean pain (nature discomfort)
* dirty pain (emotional suffering by trying to control pain)
* Experiential acceptance: counters avoiding
* Cognitive defusion: distance self from thoughts
* Awareness of self-as-context: having not being one's thoughts
* Values-based actions: counters avoidant/unclear motives
* Committed action: counters inaction
100
Stress Inoculation Training
1. Conceptualization/education phase
2. Skills acquisition & consolidation phase
3. Application & follow-through phase
101
Self-Instructional Training
1. Initial cog modeling
2. Overt external guidance
3. Overt self-guidance
4. Faded overt guidance
5. Covert self-instruction
102
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
**AB(CDE)**
* Activating event
* Belief about event
* Consequences of that belief
* Disputing client’s belief
* Effect of replacing irrational belief
103
Beck’s CBT
* Maladaptive cognitive schemas
* Automatic thoughts
* Cog distortions (arbitrary inference, emotional reasoning, personalization, dichotomous thinking, & selective abstraction)
104
Group Therapy: Inclusions & Exclusions
* inclusions: most effective for highly motivated & self-reflective people w/ capacity for interpersonal relationships
* exclusions: SI, delusions, or threats; antisocials only w/ same dx
105
Group Therapy: Closed Groups
* dropouts not replaced
* specific goals
* limited sessions
* good group cohesion
106
Group Therapy: Open Groups
* dropouts replaced
* broad goals
* meet indefinitely
* pros- energy & new input
107
Formative Phases of Group Therapy
1. initial orientation, hesitant participation, search for meaning, depend on leader
2. members are critical of each other & hostile toward favorite child
3. cohesion begins & real reasons revealed
108
Group cohesion is comparable to ___ in individual therapy & is a strong predictor of ___
therapeutic alliance; strong predictor of treatment outcomes
109
Multisystemic Therapy was made for __ & requires __
* made for teen offenders
* required training boosts q6mos
110
Functional Family Therapy includes 8-30 sessions over __ & includes three stages:
* 3-6mos
* Engagement & Motivation
* Behavior Change
* Generalization
111
Functional Family Therapy goal is to replace__ & is linked to __
replace bad behaviors w/ non-bad behaviors that fulfill the same family function; hierarchies
112
beliefs of Emotionally Focused Therapy
* emotions are essential
* partner attachment needs are healthy
* relationship distress is maintained by the partner's emotional experiences
* expressing + coping w/ emotions is the fastest most effective way to problem solve
113
Emotionally Focused Therapy goal is to __ & __ emotional experiences to feel__
to **expand & restructure** emotional experiences to feel **security in the current relationship**
114
Emotionally Focused Therapy involves 3 stages
* assessment & cycle de-escalation
* changing interactional positions & creating new bonding events
* consolidation & integration
115
Narrative Family Therapy believes problems are from__ & assumes the problem is an __ locus of control
oppressive stories dominating one’s life that are seen as socially constructed; external
116
goal of Narrative Family Therapy
replace problem-saturated stories w/ alternative stories supporting more preferred outcomes
117
Narrative Family Therapy stages
1. Meeting member to separate them for daily interests
2. Listening to unique outcomes
3. Separating members from their problems
4. Enacting preferred narratives
5. Solidifying stories
118
Conjoint Family Therapy communication styles
* Placating: agreeing/complying
* Blaming: accusing
* Computing: overly rational
* Distracting: changing the subject/joking
* Congruent/Leveling: functional
119
goal of Conjoint Family Therapy
* increase self-esteem
* problem-solving skills
* communicate congruently
120
family reconstruction is__ & is part of __ Family Therapy
a psychodrama role-play of 3 gens to expose family issues; Conjoint
121
family sculpting is__ & is part of __ Family Therapy
when a family member depicts their view of relationships; Conjoint
122
Milan Systemic Family Therapy 5 stages
* Hypothesizing
* Neutrality
* Circular questioning
* Positive connotation
* Family rituals
123
Milan Systemic Family Therapy session stages & frequency
* pre-session, session, intersession, intervention, post-session
* therapy gaps of 4-6wks
124
Milan Systemic Family Therapy goal is to alter family__ & __
rules & communication patterns
125
which therapy refers to "dirty games" as rigid behaviors
Milan Systemic Family therapy
126
Strategic Family Therapy assumes __ is determined by hierarchies & maladaptive family function is linked to ___
assumes **power/control is determined by hierarchies** & maladaptive family function is linked to **unclear/inappropriate hierarchies**
127
Strategic Family Therapy therapists take a(n)__ role, prescribe__ & may assign __
active role; prescribe the symptom; paradoxical directives (restraining & ordeal)
128
stages in first session of Strategic Family Therapy
1. social stage- observes interactions
2. problem stage- member’s view of the family problems
3. interactional stage- members discuss while therapist obverses interactions
4. goal-setting stage- define the problem
129
Structural Family Therapy boundaries
* one side overly diffused vs enmeshment
* one side overly rigid vs disengagement
* midway- close relationships w/ personal identity intact
130
"subsystems" in Structural Family Therapy are
responsible for carrying out specific tasks
131
Rigid Family Triads of Structural Family Therapy include
* stable coalition- one parent & kid form inflexible alliance against another parent
* unstable coalition- triangulation, each parent demands the kid side w/ them
* detouring-attack coalition- parents avoid conflict by blaming the kid
* detouring-support coalition- parents avoid conflict by overprotecting the kid
132
in Structural Family Therapy, ___ is the focus, not insight.
behavior change, not insight
133
"joining" is an tactic of ___ family therapy & invloves __
Structural Family Therapy; adopting family's communication style
134
Structural Family Therapy three interventions
* **tracking**: communication content
* **evaluation**: structural diagnosis to make family map of subsystems/boundaries
* **intervening**: interventions
135
Extended Family Systems Therapy originated from __ dx & their families
schizophrenia
136
four main compotents of Extended Family Systems Therapy
* increase differentiation of members
* emotional triangle
* family projection process
* multigenerational transmission
137
Genograms are used in ___ therapy & look at __ generations
Extended Family Systems Therapy; 3
138
in Extended Family Systems Therapy, ___ is the transmission of emotional immaturity from one gen to the next
Multigenerational Transmission Process
139
foundations of family therapy: general systems
* first used by biologists
* function of living & non-living systems are interacting
* both are needed for homeostatis
140
foundations of family therapy: cybernetic theory
system is regulated through negative feedback loops (resist change) & positive feedback loops (amplify change)
141
foundations of family therapy: communication theory believes __ communication pattern lead to bad behavior
repetitive
142
in communication theory, schizophrenia is linked to __, which is __
double-bind communication; receiving contradicting messages from a family member & not being able comment on the contradiction
143
in communication theory, __ interactions are similiar behavior that reflect __ & can lead to __
symmetrical; reflects equality; can lead to ‘one-upping’
144
in communication theory, __ interactions are complimentary behaviors that reflect __
Complementary interactions; reflects inequality
145
Motivational Interviewing four communication skills
OARS
* Open-ended questions
* Affirmations
* Reflective listening
* Summaries
146
Motivational Interviewing four processes of the therapist include
EFEP
* Engaging the client
* Focusing on change
* Evoking motivation
* Planning to change
147
Solution-Focused Therapy uses client's __ to achieve goals
personal strengths/resources to achieve those goals
148
Solution-Focused Therapy involves which three questions
* Miracle question
* Exception question
* Scaling question
149
Alzheimer's NCD dx
* insidious onset & gradual progression of impairment in 1+ cognitive
* early cog symp. are deficits in learning & memory
* early: lasts 2-4yrs, short-term memory loss
* middle: 2-10yrs worsened + long-term memory loss
* late: 1-3yrs severe cog deterioration
150
NCD w. Lewy Bodies dx
* insidious onset
* fluctuating cog + abnormal protein build-up
* REM + narcolepsy
* early cog symp. are deficits in complex attention, visuospatial hallucinations, & executive functions
* spontaneous Parkinsonism's
151
Parkinson’s NCD dx
motor symp. precede cog symp.
152
NCD w. Prion dx
* progression rapid
* insidious onset
* and Creutzfeidt-Jakob disease (CJD): confusion, poor memory, ataxia (myoclonus + chorea)
* apathy + mood swings
153
Frontotemporal NCD dx
* insidious onset
* gradual progression
* minor learning/memory & minor perceptual motor functioning in early stages
* apathy, perseveration, compulsions, diet changes, socially inappropriate
* Behavioral Variant (most common)
* Language Variant: Semantic, agrammatic/nonfluent, logopenic
* 65y/o- onset
154
Vascular NCD
* temporal relationship between symptom onset & stroke
* family hx of cerebrovascular disease or evidence from physical exam or neuroimaging
155
Delirium NCD dx
* lasts hrs - days
* school-aged yrs onset
* direct physiological consequence of a medical condition/substance use/ toxin
* attention/awareness fluctuates in severity throughout the day
156
Functional Family Therapy's first stage is __ & __
Engagement & Motivation
157
__ work best in bright light, color perception, & for visual acuity
cones
158
__ have no color, crucial for peripheral vision, & are responsible for vision in dim light
rods
159
self-actualization is the goal of __ Therapy
Person-Centered Therapy
160
Appreciative Inquiry includes a __ cycle which includes
4D cycle
* discovery (appreciate what is)
* dream (envision what could be)
* design (determine what should be)
* delivery/destiny (sustain what will)
161
Huntington's NCD
* behavioral disinhibition
* irritability
* poor insight
* mild apraxia
* ataxia
162
Multisystemic Therapy is based on Bronfenbrenner's __ model which views individuals as being directly influenced by __
ecological; multiple systems
163
MST includes the Do-Loop which is an analytic process that structures __, __, & __ of the tx plan
development, implementation, & evaluation
164
Multisystemic Therapy is provided ___ & ___ where problems occur; it targets factors that are driving __
in the home & community settings; problem behaviors
165
__ Family Therapy is an evidenced-based tx for at-risk adolescents (conduct dx)
Functional Family Therapy
166
Emotionally Focused Therapy was originally developed to tx __
couples
167
Emotionally Focused Therapy is not used in cases of __, __, & when the partners have __
physical abuse, substance use, & when partners have different agenda for therapy/their relationship
168
Emotionally Focused Therapy is based on __ theory
attachment theory
169
Emotionally Focused Therapy & EMDR combined were successful in treating war trauma for martial __ & __ security
satisfaction; attachment
170
__ Family Therapy is also known as the human validation process model
Conjoint Family Therapy
171
the therapist's use of the self & playing multiple roles is characteristic of __ Family Therapy
Conjoint Family Therapy
172
Structural Family Therapy includes constructing a __ that depicts the family's subsystems, boundaries, & other family structures
family map
173
Structural Family Therapy includes ___, which relabels the problem behavior & ___, which alters heirarches
reframing; unbalancing
174
'enactment' is part of __ Family Therapy & involves __
Structural Family Therapy; asking members to role-play a problematic interaction
175
the intrapersonal aspect of differentiation is to separate __ from __
thinking from feeling
176
in Knox's study, EMDR alone had the greatest success in treating __
PTSD
177
in Narrative Family Therapy a unique outcome is __, or experiences not consistant w/ problem saturated stories
an exceptional circumstance
178
Integration Paradox refers to __ immigrants being more likely to report discrimmination than __ immigrant
successful or higher-status; lower status
179
according to __ Emotion Theory, differences in emotional reactions to events are due to different appraisals of those events
Lazarus Cognitive Appraisal
180
___ Appraisal stage includes evaluating the event to determine if its stressful/threatening
Primary
181
___ Appraisal stage is when event is determined stressful/threatening, coping options are identified
Secondary
182
Lazarus Cognitive Appraisal includes __, __, & __ stages
primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, reappraisal
183
Excitation Transfer assumes three things
1. physical arousal
2. residual arousal
3. people have limited insight
