ALS CPR

Question 1

What is the first step of CPR

Answer 1

Hazards

Question 2

What do you look for when checking for hazards

Answer 2

ensure that the scene is safe

Question 3

what is the second step of CPR

Answer 3

Hello

Question 4

what are we looking for when checking for the second step of CPR

Answer 4

• Unresponsive
• Not breathing or only gasping
• Pulse

Question 5

what is the third step of CPR

Answer 5

Help

Question 6

what do you do in step 3 of CPR

Answer 6

• call for assistance
• AED/ defib

Question 7

name the 3 steps of CPR

Answer 7

1. hazards
2. hello
3. help

Question 8

what do you do when your patient has a pulse and is breathing

Answer 8

• place in recovery position
• check for continued breathing
• reassess continuously

Question 9

what do you do when the patient has
a pulse but no effective breathing

Answer 9

give rescue breaths

Question 10

how many rescue breaths for an adult

Answer 10

every 6 seconds

Question 11

how many rescue breaths for a child

Answer 11

every 5 seconds

Question 12

how many rescue breaths for a infant

Answer 12

every 4 seconds

Question 13

what do you do when your patient has no pulse or you not sure

Answer 13

start CPR

Question 14

what do you do when the pulse rate <60 in children and infants

Answer 14

start CPR

Question 15

what are the 2 components of CPR

Answer 15

1. compressions
2. breathing

Question 16

characteristics of chest compressions

Answer 16

• compress the chest fast (almost 2 per second)
  *push hard/ ensure full chest recoil
  *minimize interruptions

Question 17

what is the rate of chest compressions per minute

Answer 17

100- 120 per minute

Question 18

characteristics’ of high quality CPR

Answer 18

• compression rate 100- 120 per minute
• avoid excess ventilation: 1 breath every 6 seconds if advanced airway
  *rotate compressions every 2 minutes
  consider capnography and arterial monitoring

Question 19

rate of breaths

Answer 19

2 breaths at 1 breath/ second

Question 20

adult ratio of compression to breaths

Answer 20

30:2

Question 21

child/ infant ratio of compression: breaths

Answer 21

15:2

Question 22

when do you stop performing the CPR

Answer 22

when the AED/ Defib arrives

Question 23

what do you do when you re unable to perform breaths

Answer 23

do continuous compressions until equipment arrives

Question 24

advanced considerations

Answer 24

1. correct contributory causes
2. obtain IV/IO access, take ABG/VBG
3. give high levels of FiO2, and consider advanced airway if required
4. continuous chest compressions after advanced airway in place
5. consider adrenaline and antiarrhythmics
   * Adrenaline 1mg every 3-5 min (0.01mg/ kg in paed)
   *amiodarone 300mg followed by 150mg (5mg/kg in paed) or if not available
   lignocaine 1mg/kg initial, followed by o.5mg/kg (max 3mg/kg)

Question 25

list the contributory causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 25

* hypoxia *hypovolemia *hypothermia *hydrogen ion (acidosis) *hypo- /hyperkalemia *hypoglycemia *tension pneumothorax *tamponade (cardia arrest) *toxins *trauma *thrombosis (coronary) *thrombosis (pulmonary)

Question 26

what you analysis of the AED/ Defib machine

Answer 26

rhythm

Question 27

why you analysis the rhythm on the AED/ Def machine

Answer 27

if it is a shockable condition

Question 28

with which ones is shock advised

Answer 28

ventricular fibrillation ventricular tachycardia

Question 29

with which rhythms is shock no advised

Answer 29

PEA asystole

Question 30

what do you do if shock is advised

Answer 30

give 1 shock

Question 31

monophasic

Answer 31

360J

Question 32

biphasic

Answer 32

120-360J

Question 33

Paediatric

Answer 33

4J/ KG

Question 34

what do you do after shocking the patient

Answer 34

immediately resume CPR starting with compressions continue for 2 minutes

Question 35

what are the options if shock is not advised

Answer 35

* if signs of life present monitor and provide post ROSC care * if absent- continue CPR

Question 36

what are the additional considerations in a patient with cardia arrest

Answer 36

1. VA ECMO might be considered in appropriate centers when available 2. Ultrasound can be considered as a diagnostic and procedural tool where training and resources exist

Question 37

give examples of hazards

Answer 37

blood (gloves/ apron) respiratory illness e.g. TB mask