Alterations in Immune Function

Question 1

Alterations in hyperimmunity

Answer 1

1. hypersensitivy
2. autoimmune
3. alloimmunity

Question 2

Hypersensitivity

Type I -IgE

Answer 2

• adaptive immunity; antigen specific
• mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils
• histamine dominates
• smooth muscle contracts (bronchus constricts), increased vascular permeability (edema) and dilation (redness, hypotension if severe)
• ex; environmental allergen or bee sting

Question 3

Hypersensitivity

Type 2 -tissue specific

Answer 3

• manifestation depends on tissue target
• ABO transfusion reaction (hemolytic)-antibody in donor plasma reacts with antigen on surface of RBC of recipient
• Rh reaction, determined by presence of Rh antigen (Rh positive)

Question 4

Hypersensitivity 
Type 3 (Immune complex mediated reaction)

Answer 4

-antigen anribody complex formed in circulation leads»_space; presents to target tissue»_space; complement activation

• end result = complexes overwhelm ability of neutrophils to phagocytes and lysosomes relased into tissue
• most immune complex d/o have remission-exacerbation characteristics

Question 5

Example of Type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 5

SLE

-circulating immune complexes with anti DNA or protein or lipid deposits in variety of tissues

Question 6

Why is SLE considered an autoimmune d/o?

Answer 6

• auto immune b/c DNA or protein or lipid are individual’s own molecules
• affects variety of tissues (“systemic”) and can even breach the blood barrier
• progressive
• txt: modulate the immune system by suppressing T and B cells

Question 7

Hypersensitivity

Type 4

Answer 7

• does not involve antibody; involves lymphocytes (esp. cytotoxic T lymphocytes)
• occurs at least 48 hours after exposure of an antigen
• aka delayed hypersensitivity
• ex: tuberculin test, poison ivy, certain metals
• txt: topical steroids or avoidance

Question 8

What can effect immunity?

Answer 8

• stress
• nutrition
• maligancy
• therapy induced

Question 9

Labs to consider when testing immunity?

Answer 9

• CBC with diff
• immunoglobulin levels
• biomarkers of inflammation

Question 10

What are exogenous antigens?

Answer 10

outside your body

Question 11

What are endogenous antigens?

Answer 11

autoimmune-your body doesn’t recognize yourself

Question 12

Which cells mediate immunity memory?

Answer 12

B and T cells