amblyopia

Question 1

what is amblyopia?

Answer 1

developmental disorder of the visual system
decrease in vision in the affected eye and a disruption of BV

-occurs the absence of obvious pathologies
often associated with strabismus + aniesemetropia
/ deprivation (ptosis/congenital cataract)

Question 2

different types of management

Answer 2

1) full refractive correction
2) monitor improvement in va ( ref adaption)
3) occlusion therapy

Question 3

orthoptic exercise

Question 4

what is the cause of amblyopia

Answer 4

unilateral
0constant strabismus
-aniesemetropia
-visual deprivation ( catarcart/ptosis/opaque cornea/vitreous clouding/prolonged uncontrolled patching
prolonged unilateral cyclopegis

bilateral
cataracts of equal density
high uncorrected astigmatism/hyperemetropia
-nystagmus

Question 5

what are the clinical characteristics of amblyopia

Answer 5

asymptomatic/close/rub eyes

• decrease in va
  fixation preference
  eccentric fixation
  unsteady fixation
  poor accommodation

Question 6

what is refractive adaptation

Answer 6

amblyopia may improve with refractive correction alone
process can take up to 16 weeks
review fq 12-16 weeks

aniesemetropic amblyopes

2-3 lines improvement in va

Question 7

how long is patching done for

Answer 7

4-6hrs for between 6-12 weeks

Question 8

how is atropine used

Answer 8

prevents accomodation of fellow eye
encourages amblyopic eye to fixate at near

side effects - light sensor- eye pain , ha , skin irritation

1gtt 1% on weekends review 1 week to check acuity in dominant eye
monitor closely for iatrogenic amblyopia

Question 9

management of amblyopia

Answer 9

• full cycle correction
• improvement of vision in amblyopic eye monitored over 3 month period

child will require referral if routine 4-6 weeks
- no improvement on 2 consecutive visits during this period
-vision is still below normal

• vision improvement Is not sustained

Question 10

when would you use atropine

Answer 10

occlusion makes latent nystagmus worse

Question 11

Answer 11