1
Q
Federalists
A
Figurehead: Washington
Puppet-master: Hamilton
Beliefs: Loose construction
Economics: manufacturing
Focus: international
Support: Urban and Cities
Allies: England
2
Q
Jeffersonian Republicans
A
Figurehead: Thomas Jefferson
Puppet-master: James Madison
Beliefs: Strict Construction
Economics: Farming
Focus: Nation
Support: Rural and Farmers
Allies: France
3
Q
Election of 1796
A
Federalists: John Adams and Thomas Pinckney
Jeff. Republicans: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
John Adams becomes president with Jefferson as vp
4
Q
President John Adams
A
1) Keeps Washington’s cabinet
2) XYZ affair
3) Quasi war
4) Sedition act
5) Alien acts
5
Q
XYZ affair
A
1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.’s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand’s three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters “X, Y and Z” for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress.
6
Q
Quasi war
A
1798-1800, Undeclared war between France and the U.S. that was fought entirely on sea; French seized American ships
7
Q
Names of 4 navy ships
A
The Constitution, The USA, The Delaware, and The Constellation
8
Q
The Alien Acts
A
1) Naturalization act of 1798
2) Alien act
3) Alien enemies act
9
Q
Naturalization act of 1798
A
Increases the amount of time it takes to become a US citizen from 5 years to 14
10
Q
Alien act
A
President has the power to deport aliens during a time of war
11
Q
Alien enemies act
A
President may imprison dangerous aliens during war
12
Q
Sedition act of 1798
A
Punishes anyone who says false criticism of the USA (federalists) with jail and fines up to $5000
13
Q
The Doctrine of Nullification
A
Any state has the right to nullify any federal law or action they deem unconstitutional. Thomas Jefferson wrote in response to alien and sedition acts
14
Q
Kentucky and Virginian resolves
A
1798-1799
15
Q
Election of 1800
A
Federalist: John Adams and C.C Pinckey
Jeff- Republicans: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
Jefferson and Burr win, Election causes creation of 12th amendment.
16
Q
12th amendment
A
Electoral college votes separately for president and vice president.
17
Q
Alexander Hamilton vs Aaron Burr
A
Aaron Burr kills Hamilton in a duel
18
Q
President Thomas Jefferson
A
1) Republican Simplicity
2) Marbury vs Madison
3) Slavery
4) Louisiana Purchase/ Corps of discovery
5) Embargo of 1807
19
Q
Republican Simplicity
A
Americans should be self sustaining farmers who depended upon themselves, their family, and their neighbors to live.
20
Q
Marbury vs Madison
A
Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court’s original jurisdiction was unconstitutional
21
Q
Judiciary act of 1789
A
Very vague, just states how the judicial branch works and who the judges were
22
Q
Judiciary act of 1801
A
More judges added, more jobs, one new judge being William Marbury
23
Q
John Marshall
A
Supreme court justice at time of Marbury vs Madison
24
Q
Louisiana Purchase
A
The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size.
25
Corps of discovery
Team of adventurers, lead by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West;s flora fauna, and native populations, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the west.
26
Albert Gallatin
He was Jefferson's secretary. Jefferson and Gallatin believed that to pay the interest on debt, there would have to be taxes. Taxes would suck money from industrious farmers and put it in the hands of wealthy creditors.
27
Gradual Emancipation
1780 - creates a free black population in the north; free children of adult slaves when they reach adulthood
28
Gabriel's Rebellion
A planned slave rebellion in Richmond led by Gabriel, a slave. The plan leaked out just before the march, and authorities rounded up the participants and executed thirty-five of them, including Gabriel.
29
Berlin Decree
in 1806 which proclaimed a blockade of British Isles. Any ship that attempted to enter or leave the port would be seized by France. The British responded with a 2nd Order that required all neutral ships trading in the blockaded zones of Europe to stop at British ports to secure licenses.
30
Continental System
Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe.
31
Orders in Council
closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping, unless the vessels 1st stopped at a British port
32
Milan Decree
Issued by Napoleon in 1807 to enforce the Berlin Decree of 1806, which initiated the Continental System. Stated that no European country was to trade with the United Kingdom. Authorized French warships and privateers to capture neutral ships sailing from any British part or from any country that was occupied by British forces.
33
The Chesapeake Affair
The conflict between Britain and the United States that precipitated the 1807 embargo. The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia.
34
Embargo Act of 1807
This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.
35
Non-intercourse Act
1809, 1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.
36
Election of 1801
Federalists:C.C Pinckney and Rufus King Democratic- Republicans: James Madison and George Clinton James Madison and Clinton win
37
President James Madison
1) Macon's Bill 2) Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison 3)War of 1812 4) Hartford Convention 5) Treaty of Ghent
38
Macon's Bill 2
1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.
39
Macon's Bill 1
when the Non- Intercourse Act expired, this replaced it, which reopened free commercial relations with Britain and France, but gave the president to close it off if the trading prohibited American neutrality.
40
Treaty of Greenville 1795
Drawn up after the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The 12 local Indian tribes gave the Americans the Ohio Valley territory in exchange for a reservation and $10,000.
41
Treaty of Vincennes
Treaty of 1804 in which Americans claimed that Indian leaders ceded most of southern Indiana to the US
42
Treaty of Ft. Wayne
-selling of Indiana land by Delaware and other tribes of the region, the treaty resulted in Tecumseh's War
43
Tecumseh
a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)
44
Tenskwatawa
the Prophet; Tecumshe's brother, inspired a religious revival that spread through many tribes and united them; killed by Harrison at battle of Tippecanoe
45
Tecumseh's confederacy
his plan to exclude all whites from all the lands west of Appalachian Mountains. British supported Indians.
46
William Henry Harrison
Govenor of the Indiana territory, that fought against Tecumseh and the Prophet in the battle of Tippecanoe
47
Battle of Tippecanoe Creek
Nov. 7, 1811, , Battle in which Harrison defeated Tecumseh and 'officially' started the War of 1812
48
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun
49
Henry Clay
Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as 'The Great Compromiser.' Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.
50
John C. Calhoun
Formerly Jackson's vice-president, later a South Carolina senator. He said the North should grant the South's demands and keep quiet about slavery to keep the peace. He was a spokesman for the South and states' rights.
51
War of 1812
Resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressments of American sailors into the British army (1812 - 1815)
52
Battle of Detroit
was an early engagement in the Anglo-American War of 1812. A British force under Major General Isaac Brock with Native American allies under the Shawnee leader Tecumseh used bluff and deception to intimidate the American Brigadier General William Hull into surrendering the fort
53
Battle of Niagara
Americans lead by Van Rensellear, had several thousand troops but only 13 boats to get across British general Dearborne called off attack Dearborne had a fear of natives and retreated 1,000 American troops taken prisoner (William Averton was adopted by natives)
54
Battle of Lake Champlain
A battle where the British fleet was defeated and was forced to retreat and to abandon their plans to invade New York and New England after being stopped by Thomas Macdonough. The British began to decide that the war was to costly.
55
USS Constitution
warship which defeated the British Warship Guerriere in 1812 -- called 'Old Ironsides'
56
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.
57
The Hartford Convention
A gathering of New England Federalists from December 1814 through January 1815 to channel opposition to Thomas Jefferson and the war of 1812 1. Hate the War 2. Federal government use state militias 3. Government isnt protecting Atlantic coast 4. Government is discriminating against commerce 5. Federal government only supports Agrarian interests
58
Doctrine of State's rights
As a result of the Hartford convention, this doctrine was used to establish states ablity to nullify.This is the second time the nullification idea is used
59
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
60
Battle of New Orleans
Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.
61
General Andrew Jackson
General from Tennesee, won a series of battles that gained him fame, Federalist and aid to washington, deals with nations finances, combines states debts to make national debt
62
Outwork/Domestic manufacturing
Farming out parts of the process to local women
63
Samuel Slater
Invented spinning Jenny in 1790
64
Slater Model
Used whole families of laborers, Irish/Immigrant families
65
Francis Cabot Lowell
Invented power loom in 1813
66
Lowell system
Uses women
67
Lowell Mills
Bad conditions, sell more to make more
68
German Immigrants
1.4 mill came over for better opportunities Skilled laborers Came with money Moved to Midwest Started middle class
69
Irish immigrants
1.7 mill came because of potato famine Mostly farmers no money Stuck where they were dropped off Northeast Working class
70
Development of middle class
immigrant labor creates white-collar jobs to supervise all the new factories. White collar jobs are paid a set salary so they buy more products, resulting in more factories
71
Gender spheres
Male: Corporate job, makes good money, goes to pubs and joins fraternal groups, has a home Women: Stay home all day, take care of kids, in charge of servants, does volunteer work.
72
Elizabeth Blackwell
First woman physician, rejected spheres
73
True womanhood
The idea that women should be homemakers and should take care of the children.
74
Feme Covert
The legal position of married women in the colonial period was covered by her husband. He was in charge of her property, finances, income, children and legal being. She could not make contracts, sue or be sued or sell what had been her property.
75
Utopian Communities
Communal ownership
76
Oneida Community
It was founded by John Humphrey Noyes. It was a group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. They practiced polygamy, communal property and communal raising of children.
77
Democratic-Republicans
Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank
78
President James Monroe
1) Missouri Compromise 2)Monroe Doctrine
79
Missouri Compromise
Cotton gin is created by Eli Whitney, everyone wanted to grow cotton now, Missouri applies to be state, 1820 Henry Clay comes up with compromise. 1) MO can be state as new slave state 2)Maine breaks from Mass and become free state 3) 36 30 latitude line is new border
80
Monroe doctrine
Spain is trying to regain power John Adams writes doctrine to Europe 1) No part of USA will be colonized by Europe 2)USA Will take it as act of aggression if attempted 3)USA will not colonize Europe
81
Election of 1824
D-R: John Q Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, Henry Clay Election is a tie it is taken to house of reps where Henry clay is speaker of the house and is bribed to chose JQA John C Calhoun
82
President John Quincy Adams
1) Corrupt Bargain 2)Agenda 3)American System 5) Tariffs
83
Corrupt Bargain
Bribes Henry Clay into picking him as president by promising to make Clay secretary of state.
84
John Q Adams agenda
Create national university, government sponsored scientific research
85
American System
Infrastructure/ roads and rail roads
86
Tariff of 1828
50% tariff on imported goods, tariff of abomination
87
The election of 1828
Whigs: JQA Richard Rush D-R: Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun Jackson wins no more puppet masters, campaign speeches begin
88
Whigs
conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster
89
President Andrew Jackson
1)Kitchen Cabinet 2)Sectionalism 3) Indian removal act 4)Tariffs 5)Bank war
90
Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson's group of unofficial advisers consisting of newspaper editors and Democratic leaders that met to discuss current issues.
91
Sectionalism
South: Hates tariffs, doesn't like infrastructure, wants west sold for moderate price North: Loves tariffs so they can raise prices, Loves infrastructure, wants west to be expensive West: Does not care about tariffs, infrastructure does not affect them, wants cheap land
92
Indian removal act of 1830
Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an 'Indian Territory' where they would be 'permanently' housed.
93
Cherokee Nation VS Gerorgia
GA has fake treaty with Indians to start removing them Cherokee declare themselves a republic in 1827 GA law strips land from Cherokee
94
Treaty of New Echota
Signed by only 500 Cherokee Indians who were bribed saying that all 17,000 Cherokee's must leave within 2 years to go to land in Louisiana Territory. IF not they would be forced to leave by the United States Army on the Trail of Tears.
95
Trail of tears
The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
96
Tariff of 1832
Took the tariff of 50% down to 35-40%
97
Exposition and protest
John C. Calhoun wrote this in protest to the Tariff of 1828. In it, he said that a state should be able to nullify a federal law
98
South Carolina Convention
called for a convention after the government admitted the tariffs with the help of John c Calhoun announced these tariffs null and void. Third use of Doctrine of nullification
99
Compromise tariff of 1833
proposed by Clay, gradually decrease tariff to rates from 1810 20%
100
2nd Bank of United States
It was a federal establishment operated by the gov't as an attempt to save the welfare of the economy after the War of 1812. It was part of Henry Clay's American System.
101
Nicolas Biddle
director of the National Bank. granted loans to congressmen. extended the power of the National Bank. Best friends with Clay
102
Election of 1832
Democrats: Jackson and Martin Van Buren National republicans: Clay and John Sergeant Jackson Wins
103
Roger Taney
chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional
104
Martin VanBuren
Eighth president, chosen by Jackson in 1836, following Jackson he was left with Jackson's economic crisis which he was left to battle, but couldn't solve the problem; strongly disliked.
105
Panic of 1837
When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
106
William Henry Harrison
was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
107
John Tyler
elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862)
108
Manifest Destiny
This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from 'sea to sea,' from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.
109
Texas
A region that caused controversy after it won independence from Mexico. Northerners feared it would be admitted as a slave state and upset the balance of power. It finally became a slave state in 1845.
110
Republic of Texas
Created March, 1836 but not recognized until the next month after the battle of San Jacinto. Its second president attempted to establish a sound government and develop relations with England and France. However, rapidly rising public debt, internal conflicts and renewed threats from Mexico led Texas to join the U.S. in 1845.
111
Battle of The Alamo
Texans were greatly outnumbered and many were killed by the Mexicans. However, Texans were then inspired to seek revenge.
112
Battle of San Jacinto
a big victory for texans, santa anna was captured, and gives texas its independence
113
General Sam Houston
led the Texans at the Battle of San Jacinto where he captured Santa Anna; became president of Texas
114
Santa Anna
Mexican dictator who was in charge when war broke out between the Mexicans and Americans. He lost Texas to rebels, and was the leader of the armed forces during the war.
115
James K Polk
The 11th U.S. President, he led the country during the mexican war and sought to expand the United States
116
The Oregon Treaty
Signed with Great Britain in 1846, allowed the US to acquire peacefully what is now Oregon, Washington, and parts of Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. Also established the current northern border of the region.
117
Mexican War
(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.
118
General Zachary Taylor
Commander of the Army of Occupation on the Texas border. On President Polk's orders, he took the Army into the disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers and built a fort on the north bank of the Rio Grande River. When the Mexican Army tried to capture the fort, Taylor's forces engaged in is a series of engagements that led to the Mexican War. His victories in the war and defeat of Santa Ana made him a national hero.
119
Battle of Monterrey
• Important battle of the Mexican-American War • First major use of modern style Urban Warfare • Zachary Taylor became a war hero
120
Battle of Buena Vista
A February of 1847 battle in which Taylor's outnumbered army held out in a desperate defensive battle that brought the Americans as close as they came to defeat during the entire war, but Jefferson Davis's Calvary charge create a neutral battle that prevented Mexico from retaking Texas, gave Scott time in Veracruz, and made Taylor an hero
121
Colonel Stephen Kearny
Led the army that occupied Santa Fe. Later proceeded to California and joined the 'Bear Flag Revolution'
122
John C Fremont
Civil governor of California, led the Army exploration to help Kearny. Heard that a war with Mexico was coming, thought he could take California by himself before the war began and become a hero. He failed, so he joined forces with Kearny.
123
General Winfield Scott
Led the U.S. forces' march on Mexico City during the Mexican War. He took the city and ended the war.
124
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
Mexico was forced to cede California and New Mexico to the US (lands were called the Mexican Cession) and in return for land the US paid Mexico $15 million.
125
Gold Rush of 1849
the movement of thousands of people to CA looking for gold; led to CA population explosion
126
John Deere
American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the steel plow. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version; therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster.
127
Cyrus McCormick
United States inventor and manufacturer of a mechanical harvester (1809-1884)
128
Yeoman Farmers
own smaller farms and grow substance crops and live stock, often work side by side with their slaves, if they have any at all.
129
Nat Turner
Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives
130
David Wilmot
member of Congress best known for the "Wilmot Proviso" (1846). This was a plan to not allow slavery in any of the land annexed from Mexico after the Mexican-American War. It did not pass, but was considered the first event in a long slide towards the Civil War.
131
Lewis Cass
He was nominated as President after Polk and he evolved a doctrine of popular sovereignty. He argued that slavery should be kept out of Congress and left to the people.
132
Popular Sovereignty
The concept that a States people should vote whether to be a slave state or Free
133
Free soil party
Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.
134
President Zachary Taylor
Whig president and war hero in the Mexican American War who supported the immediate annexation of California as a free state. Died in office and was succeeded by his VP Millard Fillmore.
135
Millard Fillmore
Successor of president Zachary Taylor after his death on July 9th 1850. He helped pass the Compromise of 1850 by gaining the support of Northern Whigs for the compromise.
136
Omnibus Bill
Proposed by Henry Clay but it has too many attachments so it is not passed
137
Stephan A Douglas
-an Illinois politician who debated Lincoln in a series of debates
-he supported annexation of texas and popular sovereignty
-he is responsible for the kanas nebraska acts
138
Compromise of 1850
1) California enters as free state
2) New Mexico and Utah enter as popular sovereignty territories
139
Fugitive Slave Act
A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders
140
Election of 1852
D: Franklin Pierce and William King
W: Winfeild Scott and William Graham
Democrats win, Whig party gone
141
American Party (no nothings)
Anti immigration, anti catholic, want public schools
142
Republican Party
anti slavery, only in North, grow because of Kansas, Charles Sumner, and Dread Scott
143
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Rail road needs to be built, has to go through Kansas and Nebraska. Act creates territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sov. Nullifies Missouri compromise
144
Bleeding Kansas
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
145
Charles Sumner
He was an unpopular senator from Mass., and a leading abolitionist. In 1856, he made an assault in the pro-slavery of South Carolina and the South in his coarse speech, "The Crime Against Kansas." The insult angered Congressmen Brooks of South Carolina. Brooks walked up to his desk and beat him unconscious. This violent incident helped touch off the war between the North and the South.
146
Election of 1856
D: James Buchanan and John Breckenridge
R: John Fremont and William Daleton
A: Millard Fillmore and Andrew Donaldson
Democrats win
147
Preston Brooks
South Carolina representative who used a cane to beat Charles Sumner on the Senate floor for his criticisms of pro-slavery leaders
148
Dread Scott Case
Black slave brought between Missouri, a slave state, and Illinois a free state, claimed to be free because he was living in the free state, however white property rights overruled black citizenship and therefore his rights were not acknowledged.
149
Dread Scott Decision
1857, slaves were considered property not citizens, had no rights that a white man should respect, and that congress did not have the right to prohibit slavery in any territory
150
Abraham Lincoln
One of the most skillful politicians in Republican party. Lawyer. Tried to gain national exposure by debates with Stephen A. Douglas. The Lincoln-Douglas debates attracted much attention. Lincoln's attacks on slavery made him nationally known. He felt slavery was morally wrong, but was not an abolitionist. He felt there was not an alternative to slavery and blacks were not prepared to live on equal terms as whites. Won presidency in November election.
151
Lincoln Douglas Debates
During the race to become Senator Lincoln asked to have multiple debates with Douglas. Certain topics of these debates were slavery, how to deal with slavery, and where slavery should be allowed. Although Lincoln lost the election to Douglas, he was known throughout the country because of the debates.
152
Free-port Doctrine
The claim by Stephen Dougles that argued that people could still keep slavery out by refusing to pass the laws needed to regulate and inforce it
153
Election of 1860
R:Lincoln and Hamlin
North Dems: Stephen Douglas
South D: John Breckenridge
Constitutional union: John Bell
Republicans win
154
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
155
South Carolina convention of 1860
Convention when SC decides to secede. Joined by GA, AL, MS,LA, TX, FL in 1861
156
Fort Sumter
Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War
157
Robert E Lee
Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force
