AML Introduction

Question 1

What cytogenetic abnormalities are sufficient to

diagnose AML with MDS-related changes ?

Answer 1

• complex karyotype (3 or more chromosomal abnormalities)
• Unbalanced changes
• Balanced changes

Note: presence of NPM1 or biallelic mutations of CEBPA excludes AML from this category.

see pg. 378 flow book for unbalanced and balanced changes

Question 2

What are the precursor blastic

markers or precursor stage markers ?

Answer 2

• CD34
• CD38
• CD117
• CD133
• HLA-DR
• TdT

Question 3

What are considered to be myeloid

markers ?

Answer 3

• cytoplasmic MPO
• CD13
• CD33

Question 4

When diagnosing an MPAL

(mixed phenotype acute leukemia), what

myeloid lineage markers are needed?

Answer 4

• MPO
• OR evidence of monocytic differentiation, with expression of at least 2 monocytic markers:
  
  • NSE
  • CD11c
  • CD14
  • CD64
  • Lysozyme

Question 5

When diagnosing an MPAL

(mixed phenotype acute leukemia), what

B-lineage markers are needed?

Answer 5

• CD19 (strong)
• with at least one of the following:
  
  • CD79a
  • CD22
  • CD10
• CD19 (weak) with at least two of the following:
  
  • CD79a
  • CD22
  • CD10

Question 6

When diagnosing an MPAL

(mixed phenotype acute leukemia), what

T- lineage markers are needed?

Answer 6

• CD3 (surface or cytoplasmic)