hCG means
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
hCG is produced by what cells of the placenta
synctiotrophoblast cells
hCG peaks during the __ trimester of pregnancy
1st trimester
hCG is composed of 2 subunits which are
alpha and beta
hCG subunit that is detected in home-based pregnancy test kits
beta
Home-Based Pregnancy test kit. Principle = ?
Enzyme Immunoassay
Home-Based Pregnancy test kit. Specimen =?
1st morning urine
Home-Based Pregnancy test kit. Anti-hCG source =?
rabbit
Cause of error. False-positive
- Hematuria/Proteinuria
- Malignancies (gynecologic and others)
- Postpartum & Postabortion
- Premature ovarian failure
- Chinese herbal medication
Cause of error. False-negative
- Dilute urine (low S.G.)
- Adultered specimen
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Too early or too late testing
- Impending or missed abortion
Main source of nutrients and fluid of the fetus
Placenta
hCG bioassays usually use
animals
animal used for Hogben
Female frog
animal used for Galli-Mainini
male frog
hCG bioassays mostly used test
Hogben and Galli-Mainini
animal used for Ascheim-Zondek
Immature female mice
animal used for Frank-Berman
Immature female rats
animal used for Kupperman
female virgin rat
animal used for Kelso
Female virgin rat
urine specimen for pregnancy testing should have a specific gravity at least ___
1.015
amniotic fluid is present in the ___
amnion
amniotic fluid volume is regulated by a balance between the production of __ and ___ and the absorption from fetal swallowing and intramembranous flow
fetal urine and lung fluid
