Amphians

Question 1

What is a Urodele?

Characteristics?

Answer 1

Salamanders & Newts

• Gilled larvae form
• Temperate
• Neotenic

Question 2

What are Caecilians?

Characteristics?

Answer 2

Amphiumas

• Tropical
• Enlongated Cylinders
• Eyes & Limbs → reduced or absent
• Live Birth

Question 3

What is another name for Frogs & Toads?

Answer 3

Anuran

• Worldwide range
• 4 limbs
• NO tail

Question 4

Where do Newts breed?

Answer 4

Water!!!!!

Question 5

What is the Temp & Humidity of

TROPICAL amphibians?

Answer 5

75-84°F

70-95% humidity

Question 6

What is the Temp & Humidity of

TEMPERATE amphibians?

Answer 6

65-75°F

60-90% humidity

Question 7

What do Adult Amphibians eat?

Tadepoles?

Answer 7

• ONLY MEAT → Carnivores
• Any thing

Question 8

6 Nutritional Dz’s of Amphibians?

Answer 8

• MND → nutritional & renal
• Obesity
• Thiamin Deficiency
• Gastric impactions
• Gout
• Lipid Keratopathy → fat eyes!!

Question 9

What should you do when handling an amphibian?

Answer 9

Be Clean & wear gloves →

skin absorbs EVERYTHING

Question 10

Which amphibians have cardiac glycosides in their skin?

Answer 10

• Marine toads
• CO River toads

(Bufadentienalides)

Question 11

Which amphibians have NM Blockers in their skin?

Answer 11

Posion Dart Frog

(Mentallas)

Question 12

Which 2 anatomical structures are fused to the vertebral column to aid in hopping?

Answer 12

• Pelvic girdle
• Pectoral girdle

Question 13

Nervous system used by amphibians?

Answer 13

Lateral Line System

Question 14

Can amphibians hear?

Answer 14

Yes, have well developed ears

Question 15

What do amphibians use to protect themselves from predators?

Answer 15

UNKEN Reflex

Question 16

What is amphibian sex called?

Answer 16

Amplexis

Question 17

Morphogensis in Amphibians is controlled by what?

Implications?

Answer 17

• Thyroid gland
• NO BETADINE or IODINE based products → can turn them back into tadpoles

Question 18

How do Amphibians breath?

(2)

Answer 18

• 75% through skin
• Rib excursion → don’t squeeze

Question 19

Where can you get blood from an amphibian?

How much can you take?

Answer 19

• Ventral Abdominal vein
• Femoral vein
• Ventral Tail vein
• Lingual venous plexus
• Cardiac puncture → last resort
• 1% of BW → insulin syringes or capillary tubes are best

Question 20

Why should you give injections in the front ½ of an amphibian’s body?

Answer 20

heptaic portal system

Question 21

When do you TX amphibians for Parasitic infections?

Answer 21

ONLY if animal is critical

Question 22

What can you use to TX parastitic infections in Amphibians?

Answer 22

Metronidazole

Question 23

What do you use to TX Cestodes Infections in Amphibians?

Answer 23

Praziquantal

Question 24

What do you use to TX Rhabdias in Amphibians?

Answer 24

Ivermectin

Question 25

What dz is wiping amphibians out worldwide? What does this effect?

Answer 25

* Chytridiomycosis (*B. dendrobatidis*) * their keratin layer

Question 26

TX Chytridiomycosis?

Answer 26

* Benzalkonium Chloride * Itraconazole * Doxy

Question 27

What causes **Red Leg** in Amphibians?

Answer 27

*Aeromonas hydrophilia*

Question 28

TX for Red Leg & Chlamydia psittaci?

Answer 28

* Amikacin * Doxy (BE AGGRESSIVE→ fix H₂O quality & TX)

Question 29

What are 2 good anesthestics for amphibian? How do you give them?

Answer 29

* MS-222 (Finquel) → bath or IC * Iso → gel or bath

Question 30

Best way to monitor anesthesia in amphibians?

Answer 30

Doppler

Question 31

Best way to U.S. an Amphibian?

Answer 31

* Immerse them in water → move probe off of them →Read image (let H₂O help you!)

Question 32

Best way to TX toxicities in Amphibians?

Answer 32

FRESH H₂O Bath

Question 33

SX procedures for Amphibians?

Answer 33

* Paramedian * Monofilament Suture → PDS * Everting pattern