HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 > ANAESTHESIA > Flashcards

ANAESTHESIA Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Inherited disorder of skeletal muscle only triggered by certain anaesthetic drugs

A

malignant hyperthermia

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2
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

accumulation of calcium in muscle cells

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3
Q

malignant hyperthermia results in

A

hypermetabolism
muscle rigidity
muscle breakdown

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4
Q

malignant hyperthermia signs

A

increase in expired CO2 concentration
tachycardia
increased O2 requirement
temperature increase

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5
Q

what drug is administered for malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

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6
Q

pre-medication for anaesthesia

A

benzodiazepines

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7
Q

anaesthesia medications

A

propofol
thiopental
etomidate

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8
Q

inhalation drugs to induce and maintain anaesthesia

A

oxygen air or nitrous oxide

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9
Q

stage I of anaesthesia

A

loss of consciousness

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10
Q

stage II of anaesthesia

A

excitement/ delirium
coughing, vomitting and struggling

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11
Q

stage III of anaesthesia

A

laryngeal reflex lost
pupils dilate

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12
Q

stage IV of anaesthesia

A

cessation of respiration to death

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13
Q

short acting muscle relaxants

A

suxamethonium

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14
Q

long acting muscle relaxants

A

atracurium/ rocuronium

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15
Q

NCEPOD

A

national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death

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16
Q

what is the national framework for referral for pts

A

NCEPOD

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17
Q

SBAR

A

situation
background
assessment
recommendation

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18
Q

what is required for a fasting pt in pre-operative care

A

maintenance fluids and a fluid assessment

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19
Q

maintenance fluid therapy

A

0.18% saline with 4% dextrose +_ K+(20-40mmol/l) based on 1mg/kg/hour

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20
Q

Inflammation of the appendix commonly caused by an obstruction of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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21
Q

where does appendicitis pain present

A

right iliac fossa

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22
Q

appendicitis symptoms

A

right iliac fossa pain
nausea
anorexia
constipation OR diarrhoea
pyrexia
tachycardia

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23
Q

appendicitis investigation

A

FBC - shows leukocytosis
UE
USS
pregnancy test

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24
Q

appendicitis management

A

NBM
analgesia
hydration
antibiotics

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25
epigastric pain which radiates to the back
pancreatitis
26
pancreatitis symptoms
epigastric pain which radiates to the back profoundly unwell due to third spaces loss
27
what presents on a blood test with pancreatitis
elevates serum amylase
28
pancreatitis treatment
IV fluid replacement analgesia NBM o2
29
flank pain that originates over the costovertebral angle and extends towards groin/ testicle
renal colic
30
RUQ pain
cholecystitis
31
cholecystitis symptoms
RUQ pain fever and tachycardia
32
types of bowel pain
somatic visceral neuropathic
33
somatic bowel pain
body surface or MSK system
34
visceral bowel pain
internal organs
35
neuropathic bowel pain
spinal cord and peripheral nerves
36
what type of analgesia is aspirin
anti-platelet medication
37
what disease is diclofenac contraindicated for
CV disease
38
why is pethidine not recommended post op
its metabolised in the renal system
39
opiates are a
analgesic
40
what does opiate toxicity present as
reduced consciousness pin-point pupils hypotension siezures muscle spasms cyanosis
41
why does opiate toxicity cause cyanosis
respiratory depression
42
tx for opiate toxicity
naloxone 0.4-2mg IV at intervals of 2-3 minutes
43
what is naloxone used for
opiate toxicity
44
max dose of naloxone
10mg
45
what side effect is common with opiates
constipation
46
why does hypocholemic alkalosis develop with nausea and vomiting
body is depleted of water and HCL
47
why does vomiting cause hypokalaemia
loss of potassium
48
the sepsis 6
give high flow O2 take blood cultures give IV antibiotics measure lactate measure urine output
49
SIRS with a presumes or known source of infection
SEPSIS
50
diagnostic criteria for sepsis
temperature <36 or >38 HR >90bmp resp rate >20 bpm WCC <4 or >12 blood glucose >7.7mmol/l
51
types of haemorrhage
primary reactive secondary
52
primary haemorrhage
continuous bleeding which occurs during surgery
53
reactive haemorrhage
bleeding appears stable until BP rises
54
secondary haemorrhage
occurs 1-2 weeks post op and usually due to infection
55
A-E approach for major haemorrhage
activate major haemorrhage protocol give IV access ASAP cross-match blood
56
how is haemorrhage classified
basketts classification
57
signs of DVT
swollen calf warm/tender calf pitting oedema erythema
58
DVT prophylaxis med
Heparin SC 500u/12 hr until mobile
59
sudden obstruction of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches
pulmonary embolism
60
pulmonary embolism cause
blood-borne clot or foreign material
61
pulmonary embolism symptoms
shortness of breath pleuritic chest pain dizziness
62
pulmonary embolism signs
pyerxia reduced lung sounds sinus tachycardia ECG changes
63
fluctuating stage of mental confusion
delirium
64
delirium causes
surgery infection alcohol with drawl B12/ thiamine def hypoglycaemia hypoxia stroke myocardial injury
65
delirum tx
haloperidol 0.5-2mg +/- chlordiazepoxide reducing regime and Pabrinex IV
HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5
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