EMPA pros
non destructive
Precise
high res images
EMPA cons
Very small area covered
Secondary electron images
Black and white 3d
Backscattered Electron images
See differences in elements but no depth
Cathodoluminescence Lens
Shows dimensions and layers (hand lens images)
LA-ICP-MS pros
high res images
shows every element
depth profiling
LA-ICP-MS cons
Destructive
can’t distinguish between different variants of same elements
SIMS pros
high res images
depth profiling
can measure concentrations
ideal for space stuff
SIMS cons
destructive
can’t distinguish between same element concentrations
XRD PROS
Rapid ID
Simple to set up
lots of data available
XRD CONS
Destructive
no orientations