between subjects comparison:
contrast between 2 groups that were randomly assigned. in ex post facto research, different individuals classified in different groups
within subjects comparison:
contrast between formed of matched pairs, natural pairs, or repeated measures
matched pairs:
participants are measured and equated on some variable before the experiment
natural pairs:
use naturally occurring pairs (twins, couples, siblings, pairs)
repeated measures:
the same participants are tested more than once
positive illusions:
people think that they’re better than average
paired samples stats has:
2 ratings from each person, not independent groups, but correlated groups using a t-test