What is anaphylaxis
Life threatening hypersensitivity
What is the difference between anaphylaxis and an allergic reaction
Severity, rapid onset and decline distinguish it from an allergic reaction
What is released in an anaphylactic shock
Massive over release of histamine
What can an over release of histamine cause
Life threatening problems affecting the airway, breathing and circulatory systems
List the categories common allergens can fall under
- Food
- Insect stings
- Medication
- Materials
Name some common food allergens
Nuts
Shellfish
Eggs
Name some common insect stings that can lead to anaphylactic shock
Bees
Wasps
List some medications that can lead to anaphylactic shock
Penicillin
NSAIDS
What do we look for in a patient suffering from anaphylaxis
- Sudden onset and rapid progression of symptoms
- Life threatening airway and/or breathing and/or circulation problems
- Changes to skin and/or mucosa
What can happen to the airway during anaphylaxis
- Soft tissues may swell
2, An associated stridor may also be present
What can bronchoconstriction result in
Results in breathing difficulty and wheezing
What can happen to circulation in anaphylaxis
Profound vasodilation resulting in hypotension and shock
How does anaphylaxis usually present
Typically has a uni phasic presentation where symptoms occur suddenly and progress radially
How do we manage anaphylaxis
- Call an ambulance
- Semi recline patient and elevate legs
- Administer adrenaline
- 15 litres per minute of oxygen
- Salbutamol as a supportive measure
What does adrenaline do in a patient with anaphylaxis
Acts as a bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor
What does salbutamol do in a patient with anaphylaxis
Acts as a bronchodilator
How much adrenaline do we administer to a patient under 6 months
100-150 mcg of adrenaline 1:1000
How much adrenaline do we administer to a patient under 6 years old
150 mcg of adrenaline 1:1000
How much adrenaline do we administer to a patient between 6-12 years old
300 mcg of adrenaline 1:1000
How much adrenaline do we administer to a patient older than 12
500 mcg of adrenaline 1:1000
