what supplies the thoracic part of the oesophagus with blood
branches of the thoracic aorta and the inferior thyroid artery
what is the venous drainage of the thoracic part of the oesophagus
via branches of the azygous veins and the inferior thyroid vein
what supplies the abdominal oesophagus
left gastric artery (branch of the coeliac trunk)
the abdominal oesophagus has a mixed venous drainage by what routes
- to the portal circulation via the left gastric vein
- the the systemic circulation via the azygous vein
what innervates the oespohagus
oesophageal plexus which is formed by a combination of the parasympathetic vagal trunks and the sympathetic fibres from the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunks
what are the 3 parts of the oesophageal lymphatic drainage
- Superior third – deep cervical lymph nodes.
- Middle third – superior and posterior mediastinal nodes.
- Lower third – left gastric and celiac nodes.
what are the 4 sections of the stomach
- Cardia – surrounds the superior opening of the stomach at the T11 level.
- Fundus – the rounded, often gas filled portion superior to and left of the cardia.
- Body – the large central portion inferior to the fundus.
- Pylorus – This area connects the stomach to the duodenum. It is divided into the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter. The pyloric sphincter demarcates the transpyloric plane at the level of L1.
what supplies the greater curvature of the stomach
short gastric arteries and the right and left gastro-omental arteries (gastroepiplotic)
what supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach
supplied by the left gastric artery and the right branch of the hepatic artery
where does the greater omentum lie
hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach and folds back up itsself where it attached to the transverse colon
where does the lesser omentrum lie
arises at the lesser curvature and ascend to attach to the liver.
what is the greater sac split into
The greater sac is the larger portion of the peritoneal cavity. It is further divided into two compartments by the mesentery of the transverse colon (known as the transverse mesocolon):
- Supracolic compartment – lies above the transverse mesocolon and contains the stomach, liver and spleen.
- Infracolic compartment – lies below the transverse mesocolon and contains the small intestine, ascending and descending colon. The infracolic compartment is further divided into left and right infracolic spaces by the mesentery of the small intestine.
what is the lesser sac
The lesser sac lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum. It allows the stomach to move freely against the structures posterior and inferior to it.
what is the stomachs arterial supply
celiac trunk and its branches
Anastomoses form along the lesser curvature by the right and left gastric arteries and along the greater curvature by the right and left gastro-omental arteries:
Right gastric – branch of the common hepatic artery, which arises from the coeliac trunk.
Left gastric – arises directly from the coeliac trunk.
Right gastro-omental – terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which arises from the common hepatic artery.
Left gastro-omental – branch of the splenic artery, which arises from the coeliac trunk.
The veins of the stomach run parallel to the arteries. The right and left gastric veins drain into the hepatic portal vein. The short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain into the superior mesenteric vein.
what are the veins of the stomach and where do they drain into
- left and right gastric vein drain into the hepatic portal vein
- the short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain into the superior mesenteric vein
what innervates the stomach
The stomach receives innervation from the autonomic nervous system:
- Parasympathetic nerve supply arises from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks, derived from the vagus nerve.
- Sympathetic nerve supply arises from the T6-T9 spinal cord segments and passes to the coeliac plexus via the greater splanchnic nerve. It also carries some pain transmitting fibres.
