NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (7) Extra Materials > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

Practice the Anatomy of the Human Body (68 cards)

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1
Q

Define:

Anatomy

A

The study of an organism’s structure and make-up.

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2
Q

Define:

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of the body.

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3
Q

Define:

homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to maintain a normal state of balance.

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4
Q

Describe an anatomic position.

A
  • The patient is facing you.
  • The arms are at the side of the body.
  • The palms of the hands are facing forward.
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5
Q

Describe the three main anatomical planes and how each plane divides the body.

  1. Coronal plane
  2. Transverse plane
  3. Sagittal plane
A
  1. Coronal: sliced into front and back sections.
  2. Transverse: sliced into top and bottom sections.
  3. Sagittal: sliced into right and left sections.
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6
Q

When using the anatomical position as a reference, how do you correctly identify the left and right areas of the body?

A

Utilize the patient’s left and right.

From the perspective of the person in the anatomical position, not the observer.

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7
Q

Define:

superior

A

The portion closest to the head.

E.g. “The chest is superior to the abdomen”.

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8
Q

Define:

inferior

A

The portion furthest away from the head.

E.g. “The knee is inferior to the abdomen”

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9
Q

Define:

lateral

A

The portion furthest away from the midline.

E.g. “The hand is lateral to the shoulder”.

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10
Q

Define:

medial

A

The portion closest to the midline.

E.g. “The shoulder is medial to the forearm”

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11
Q

Define:

proximal and distal

A
  • proximal: describes structures closer to the trunk.
  • distal: describes structures farther from the trunk.

E.g. “The patella is proximal to the tibia, however, is distal from the femur”

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12
Q

Define:

superficial

A

on the skin

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13
Q

Define:

anterior and posterior

A
  • anterior: front side of the body.
  • posterior: back side of the body.
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14
Q

Define:

palmar and plantar

A
  • palmar: palm of the hand.
  • plantar: bottom of the foot.
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15
Q

Define:

flexion and extension

A
  • flexion: brings the body part closer to the core.
  • extension: brings the body part further from the core.
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16
Q

Define:

abduction and adduction

A
  • abduction: moves away (Aliens abduct).
  • adduction: moves toward.
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17
Q

Define:

bilateral

A

Body parts that appear on both sides of the body.

E.g. knees, eyes, ears, and hands

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18
Q

What are the abdominal quadrants?

A
  • RUQ
  • LUQ
  • RLQ
  • LLQ
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19
Q

What abdominal organs are in the RUQ?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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20
Q

What abdominal organs are in the LUQ?

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • small intestine
  • large intestine

Some parts of the liver.

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21
Q

What abdominal organs are in the RLQ?

A

appendix, small intestine, and large intestine

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22
Q

What abdominal organs are in the LLQ?

A

large intestine and small intestine

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23
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Molecules that provide energy for the body.

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24
Q

What are lipids?

A

fats

Fats, phospholipids, steroids are not soluble in water.

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25
What are **proteins**?
Help with the function of **structures**, **energy,** **defense,** and **hormone production**.
26
# Define: axillary
armpit
27
# Define: brachial
upper arm
28
# Define: buccal
cheek
29
# Define: cardiac
heart
30
# Define: cervical
neck
31
# Define: cranial
head
32
# Define: cutaneous
skin
33
# Define: deltoid
shoulder
34
# Define: femoral
thigh
35
# Define: gastric
stomach
36
# Define: hepatic
liver
37
# Define: inguinal
groin
38
# Define: lumbar
lower back
39
# Define: mammary
breast
40
# Define: nasal
nose
41
# Define: occipital
inferior-posterior head
42
# Define: orbital
eye
43
# Define: parietal
superior-posterior head
44
# Define: patellar
knee
45
# Define: pectoral
chest
46
# Define: perineal
perineum
47
# Define: plantar
sole of foot
48
# Define: popliteal
posterior knee
49
# Define: temporal
temples of skull
50
# Define: sacral
most inferior of spine
51
# Define: volar
Sole of the foot **or** palm of the hand.
52
What are the **three** types of **muscle tissue**?
* **Skeletal:** voluntary muscle * **Cardiac:** striated involuntary muscle * **Smooth:** non-striated involuntary muscle
53
What does **nervous tissue** do?
Conduct **electrical impulses** throughout the body.
54
What are the **cells** within nervous tissue?
neurons
55
What are the **four** types of **membranes**?
1. **Serous Membrane**: line cavities that have no openings (chest, abdomen). 2. **Mucous Membrane**: line cavities that open to the environment (mouth, nose). 3. **Cutaneous Membrane**: the skin 4. **Synovial Membrane**: lining within synovial joints.
56
What is the difference between **tendons** and **ligaments**?
* **tendons:** connect **muscle** to **bone** * **ligaments:** connect **bone** to **bone**
57
In which **cavity** is **bone marrow** located?
Medullary cavity
58
# Define: joint
Where **two long bones** come into contact.
59
What are **bone-forming cells** called?
Osteoblasts ## Footnote Once the cells are fully formed, they are called osteocytes.
60
What is **synovial tissue**?
Tissue that **lubricates the end of bones**.
61
What are the components of the **axial skeleton** and the **appendicular skeleton**?
* **axial skeleton:** skull, face, thorax, pelvis, and spine * **appendicular skeleton:** arms and legs
62
What is the **opening** at the base of the skull?
foramen magnum
63
Which bone in the nose has numerous openings for the passage of the **olfactory nerve**?
cribriform plate
64
Differentiate **mandible** and **maxilla**.
* **mandible**: bottom jaw * **maxilla**: upper jaw ## Footnote Remember: "Max" is on TOP.
65
What are the **sections** of the **spinal column**?
* Cervical 7 * Thoracic 12 * Lumbar 5 * Sacral 5 * Coccyx 4 ## Footnote Total of 33 bones _Mnemonic to remember:_ You eat **C**ereal at 7 You eat **T**acos at 12 You eat **L**asagna at 5 You eat **S**ugar **C**ookies at 9 (5/4)
66
What are the parts of the **sternum**?
* manubrium * sternum * xiphoid process ## Footnote Connecting ribs.
67
Which tissues make up the **upper airway**?
* nasopharynx * oropharynx * pharynx * mouth * epiglottis
68
Which tissues make up the **lower airway**?
* larynx * trachea * bronchioles * alveoli
EMT-P (7) Extra Materials
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