Anatomy

Question 1

What are the arteries that lead to the afferent artery from the renal?

Answer 1

• Renal
• Segmental
• Interlobar
• Arcuate
• Interlobular
• Afferent arteriole
• Efferent arteriole

Question 2

What are the veins from the kidney to the renal vein?

Answer 2

Peritubular capillaries

• Interlobular vein
• Arcuate vein
• Interlobar vein
• Renal vein

Question 3

What are the 2 additional veins that the Left renal vein receives?

Answer 3

• Left suprarenal

- Left gonadal

Question 4

What area of the kidney is more susceptible to ischemic damage?

Answer 4

Renal medulla - receives less blood flow

Question 5

What parts of the nephron is present in the renal medulla?

Answer 5

• Loop of Henle

- Collecting duct

Question 6

What kidney is taken during living donor transplantation?

Answer 6

Left kidney (as it has a longer renal vein)

Question 7

What do the ureters travel under and over?

Answer 7

• Under gonadal arteries
• Over common iliac artery
• Under uterine artery/ vas deferens (retroperitoneal)

Question 8

What prevents urine reflux when the detrusor muscle contracts?

Answer 8

Intramural ureter is compressed also

Question 9

What is the blood supply to the ureters? (proximal, middle distal)

Answer 9

• Proximal: Renal artery
• Middle: Gonadal artery, aorta, common and internal iliac arteries
• Distal: Internal iliac and superior vesical arteries

Question 10

What are the common locations where stones may be trapped in the ureter?

Answer 10

• Ureteropelvic junction
• Pelvic inlet (over iliac vessels)
• Uterovesical junction

Question 11

What are the layers of the glomerular filtration barrier from blood to filtrate?

Answer 11

• Fenestrated capillary
• Basement membrane - type IV collagen chains and heparin sulfate
• Visceral epithelial layer consisting of podocyte foor processes

Question 12

What nerve is responsible for parasympathetic input on the bladder?

Answer 12

Pelvic nerve (M3 receptor)

Question 13

What nerve is responsible for sympathetic input on the bladder?

Answer 13

Hypogastric nerve (B3 and a1 receptors)

Question 14

What nerve provides somatic input to bladder (external urethral sphincter)?

Answer 14

Pudendal nerve (nicotinic receptor)