Anatomy

Question 1

Superficial forearm muscles

Answer 1

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus

Question 2

Deep forearm muscles

Answer 2

Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus

Question 3

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

Answer 3

1. Common flexor origin
2. 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bases
3. Median n
4. Wrist flexion, radial deviation, pronation

Question 4

Flexor carpi ulnaris

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation

Answer 4

1. Common flexor origin, olecranon and ulna
2. Pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal
3. Ulnar nerve

Question 5

Carpal tunnel contents

Answer 5

Median nerve
9 tendons:
4 flexor digitorum superficialis
4 flexor digitorum profundus
1 flexor pollicis longus

(FCR runs into the retinaculum)

Question 6

Coronary sinus tributaries (5)

Answer 6

Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Left oblique cardiac vein
Posterior left ventricular vein

Question 7

Three main cardiac venous drainage

Answer 7

Coronary sinus and branches 
Anterior cardiac veins (drain ant RV directly into RA)
Thesbian veins (20-30%), smallest veins drain directly into RA/RV

Question 8

Attachments of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 8

Superior: great cardiac vessels
Anterior: sternopericardial ligament
Inferior: central tendon of diaphragm

Question 9

Right coronary artery supplies (5)

Answer 9

Right atrium
Right ventricle (most off)
Posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum
60% of SAN
40% of AVN

Question 10

LCA supples

Answer 10

LA
LV(majority)
Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
10% of AVN

Question 11

Structures that pass through parotid gland

Answer 11

Facial nerve and branches
External carotid artery (divide into superficial temporal and maxillary branches)
Retromandibular vein (made up of superficial temporal and maxillary veins)
(Auriculotemporal nerve)

Question 12

Structures deep to submandibular gland

Answer 12

Facial artery
Mylohyoid
Hypoglossus muscle
Submandibular ganglion

Question 13

Structures superficial to submandibular gland

Answer 13

Facial vein
Marginal mandibular branch of VII
Lingual nerve

Question 14

Origin of External jugular vein

Answer 14

Posterior branches of retromandibular veins
Posterior auricular veins

Start at angle of mandible, or parotid gland

Question 15

Branches of external carotid artery (inferior to superior)

Answer 15

Superior thyroid 
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

Question 16

External carotid artery:

Origin and termination

Answer 16

Origin: upper body of thyroid cartilage

Terminate: inside parotid gland, by dividing into superficial temporal and maxillary branches

Question 17

Which tongue muscle is not supplied by CNXII?

Answer 17

Palatoglossus, supplied by pharyngeal plexus

Question 18

Digastric muscle

1. Origin and insertion
2. Derivatives from pharyngeal arch
3. Innervation

Answer 18

1. Mandible, hyoid and mastoid process
2. Anterior belly: 1st pharyngeal arch
   Posterior belly: 2nd pharyngeal arch
3. Anterior: mylohyoid nerve, branch of Vc
   Posterior: facial nerve

Question 19

Submandibular duct (ie. Wharton duct)

1. Where does it run and open into?
2. Nerves closely related to it

Answer 19

1. Between mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles, opens lateral to the lingual frenulum
2. Lingual nerve wraps around it
   Hypoglossal nerve

Question 20

Tongue responsible for tongue protrusion

Answer 20

Genioglossus

Question 21

Branches of facial nerve:

1. Within facial canal
2. Extracranial before parotid gland
3. Parotid gland

Answer 21

1. Greater petrosal nerve
   Chorda tympani
   Nerve to stapedius
   (GCS)
2. Posterior auricular nerve
   Digastric (posterior belly)
   Stylohyoid
   (PDS)
3. TZBMC

Question 22

Branches of Va

Answer 22

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary

Question 23

Vc branches

Answer 23

1. Nerve to medial pterygoid
   (M. Pterygoid, tensor tympani,
   Tensor veli palatini)
2. Anterior division (mastication muscles)
   Supplies temporalis, lat pterygoid, masseter
   Buccal branch (lower cheek and mouth/gum)
3. Posterior division (ALI)
   Auriculotemporal
   Lingual
   Inferior alveolar (becomes mental)
   Nerve to mylohyoid

Question 24

Superior orbital fissure contents

Answer 24

1. Nerves:
   Va branches and EOM branches

2. Veins: 
     Ophthalmic vein (both sup and inf divisions)

3. Arteries:
   Lacrimal
   MMA

Question 25

Foramen ovale contents (3)

Answer 25

Mandibular branch (Vc) Accessory meninges artery Lesser Petrosal nerve

Question 26

7 bones that make up orbit

Answer 26

``` Frontal Lacrimal Palatine* Ethmoid Maxilla Zygoma* Sphenoid ```

Question 27

Structures passing through inferior orbital fissure

Answer 27

Nerve: Infraorbital (Vb) Zygomatic (Vb) Inf orbital vein Pterygopalatine branches

Question 28

Level at which dural sac terminates

Answer 28

S2

Question 29

Cavernous sinus 1. Veins that drain into it (3) 2. Outflow of cavernous sinus

Answer 29

1. Middle cerebral vein Sup and inf ophthalmic veins Sphenopalatine sinus 2. Inferior petrosal sinus Superior petrosal sinus

Question 30

Hyoid bone vertebral level and pharyngeal arch

Answer 30

C3 | 3rd pharyngeal arch

Question 31

Thyroid cartilage vertebral level and pharyngeal arch

Answer 31

C4, 4th arch

Question 32

Cricoid cartilage vertebral level and pharyngeal arch

Answer 32

C6 and 6th arch

Question 33

Muscles that open vocal cords and it's innervation

Answer 33

``` Posterior cricoarytenoid (Posterior = oPen) ``` RLN innervation

Question 34

Muscle which closes vocal cords, and innervation

Answer 34

``` Lateral cricyarytenoid (Lateral = cLose) ``` RLN

Question 35

Level of pulmonary hila

Answer 35

T5-T7

Question 36

Trachea bifurcation level Trachea starts level

Answer 36

T5 upper border C6 = starting level

Question 37

Sites of portosystemic anastomoses

Answer 37

``` Lower oesophagus Rectum/upper anal canal Umbilicus Bare area of liver Retroperitoneum Patent ductus venosus ```

Question 38

Posterior relations to both kidneys (4 muscles)

Answer 38

QuiT DP Quadratus lumborum Transverse abdominis Diaphragm Psoas major

Question 39

Carotid bifurcation level

Answer 39

C4. Suprathyroid notch

Question 40

Indications of cardiac transplantation

Answer 40

1. Life expectancy of 1year 2. NYHA stage 4, refractory to medical abs surgical therapy 3. Usually idiopathic or ischaemic cardiomyopathy or congenital heart disease

Question 41

Posterior mediastinum contents (5)

Answer 41

``` Aorta (thoracic) Oesophagus Sympathetic nerves Azygos vein Thoracic duct ```

Question 42

Flexor retinaculum attachments

Answer 42

(The two ulnar and radial carpal bones): Pisiform and hook of hamate Scaphoid and trapezium

Question 43

Leinorenal ligament contents

Answer 43

``` Splenic vessels (ie. artery and vein) Tail of pancreas ```

Question 44

Fibularis longus Origin and insertion

Answer 44

Head of fibula | 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 45

Fibularis brevis

Answer 45

Lower 2/3 of fibula | Base of 5th metatarsal

Question 46

Fibularis tertius

Answer 46

Lower 1/3 of fibula | Base of 5th metatarsal

Question 47

Muscles in deep compartment of leg

Answer 47

Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Popliteus

Question 48

Roots of sciatic nerve

Answer 48

L4-S3

Question 49

Muscles attached to Linda aspera

Answer 49

Short head of biceps Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Adductors

Question 50

Branches of axillary artery

Answer 50

1st part: (lat border of first rib to pect minor) - superior thoracic 2nd part: (behind pect minor) - lateral thoracic - acromiothoracic 3rd part: (pect minor to teres major) - subscapular - anterior circumflex - posterior circumflex humerus