Anatomy

Question 1

name the 2 holes above and below the orbit:

above:
below:

Answer 1

above: supraorbital notch/foramen
below: infraorbital foramen

Question 2

the _______ plates of the ethmoid and frontal bone are seen in the bony orbit

Answer 2

the ORBITAL plates of the ethmoid and frontal bone are seen in the bony orbit

Question 3

what walls of the bony orbit are likely to fracture with a direct blow to the eye?

Answer 3

medial and inferior as paper thin

Question 4

what bone does the suspensory ligament of the eye attach to?

Answer 4

zygoma (laterally)

Question 5

name the circular muscle that surrounds the eye

Answer 5

orbicularis occuli

orbital and palpebral parts

Question 6

what sheet of fascia helps prevent spread of infection from superficial to deep?

Answer 6

orbital septum

Question 7

what do the tarsal glands embossed in the tarsi secrete?

Answer 7

lipid

Question 8

what is the iris covered in?

Answer 8

cornea

Question 9

what is the white sclera covered by?

Answer 9

conjunctiva

Question 10

what is the other name for the corneoscleral junction

Answer 10

limbus

Question 11

what does the lacrimal gland produce?

Answer 11

lacrimal fluid

Question 12

name the innervation of the lacrimal gland

Answer 12

parasympathetic CN VII

Question 13

how many layers of the eye are there?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

name the 3 layers of the eye

Answer 14

fibrous
uvea
retina

Question 15

what is the outer layer of the eye called?

Answer 15

fibrous

Question 16

what is the vascular layer of the eye called?

Answer 16

uvea

Question 17

name the photosensitive layer of the eye

Answer 17

retina

Question 18

name the 2 parts to the fibrous layer of the eye

Answer 18

sclera and cornea

Question 19

name the 3 parts of the uvea

Answer 19

iris
ciliary body
choroid

Question 20

name the 3 parts we need to learn of the retina

Answer 20

macula
optic disc
retina

Question 21

the anterior segment is situated in front of the ____ and has both an ________ and _________ chamber

Answer 21

the anterior segment is situated in front of the LENS and has both an ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR chamber

Question 22

the anterior chamber of the eye is situated between what 2 structures?

Answer 22

cornea and iris

Question 23

the posterior chamber of the eye is situated between what 2 structures?

Answer 23

iris and suspensory ligaments

Question 24

what does the anterior chamber contain?

Answer 24

aqueous humour

Question 25

what does the posterior chamber contain?

Answer 25

aqueous humour

Question 26

the posterior segment is situated behind the ____ and contains ________ body - this is a common location for '________'

Answer 26

the posterior segment is situated behind the LENS and contains VITREOUS body - this is a common location for 'FLOATERS'

Question 27

outline the circulation of aqueous humour: 1. where is it synthesised? 2. where does it then circulate? 3. what does it then pass through? 4. where is it then reabsorbed?

Answer 27

outline the circulation of aqueous humour: 1. synthesised in ciliary body 2. then circulates within posterior chamber nourishing lens 3. then passes through pupil entering the anterior chamber to nourish cornea 4. then reabsorbed into scleral venous sinus via Canal of Schlemm at iridocorneal angle

Question 28

the ophthalmic artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 28

the internal carotid artery

Question 29

name the other artery branches of the internal carotid artery that is important to the eye

Answer 29

ciliary arteries

Question 30

the macula has the greatest density of _____

Answer 30

the macula has the greatest density of CONES

Question 31

the fovea is seen at the ______ of the macula and is _________. this is the area of most acute vision.

Answer 31

the fovea is seen at the CENTRE of the macula and is DEPRESSED. this is the area of most acute vision.

Question 32

name the 3 layers of the retina from anterior to posterior: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 32

name the 3 layers of the retina from anterior to posterior: 1. axons of ganglion cells 2. ganglion cells 3. photoreceptors

Question 33

where are there no photoreceptors and so termed the 'blind spot'?

Answer 33

optic disc

Question 34

interruption of flow of the central artery (end artery) results in _________ _________ whereas interruption of flow in the retinal artery branch results in loss of an ____ of _____ _____

Answer 34

interruption of flow of the central artery (end artery) results in MONOCULAR BLINDNESS whereas interruption of flow in the retinal artery branch results in loss of an AREA of VISUAL FIELD

Question 35

name the 4 rectus muscles of the eye

Answer 35

superior rectus inferior rectus medial rectus lateral rectus

Question 36

name the 2 oblique muscles

Answer 36

superior oblique | inferior oblique

Question 37

name the muscle responsible for lifting the upper eyelid

Answer 37

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 38

name the 'down and out' muscle

Answer 38

superior oblique

Question 39

name the innervation for the following muscles: ``` superior rectus - inferior rectus - medial rectus - lateral rectus - superior oblique - inferior oblique - levator palpebrae superioris - ```

Answer 39

``` superior rectus - CN III inferior rectus - CN III medial rectus - CN III lateral rectus - CN VI superior oblique - CN IV inferior oblique - CN III levator palpebrae superioris - CN III ```

Question 40

name the muscle that an ONLY abduct the eye and name is innervation

Answer 40

lateral rectus - CN VI

Question 41

when in abduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only elevate

Answer 41

when in abduction, the SUPERIOR RECTUS muscle can only elevate

Question 42

name the muscle that an ONLY adduct the eye and name is innervation

Answer 42

medical rectus - CN III

Question 43

when in abduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only depress

Answer 43

when in abduction, the INFERIOR RECTUS muscle can only depress

Question 44

when in adduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only elevate

Answer 44

when in adduction, the INFERIOR OBLIQUE muscle can only elevate

Question 45

when in adduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only depress

Answer 45

when in adduction, the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE muscle can only depress