Patellar Tendon
A band of fibrous, connective tissue that attaches the patella and tibia. It allows patella to move vertically along groove in femur. When quad muscles contract, the patellar tendon pulls the tibia in line with femur.
Medial Meniscus
One of two tough fibrocartilaginous meniscus atop the tibial plateau. This c shaped piece of cartilage acts as a shock absorber and is fused to the medial collateral ligament
MCL (knee)
Medial Collateral Ligament or tibial collateral ligament
Connects the medial condoyle of femur to tibia.
Provides stability and presents the joint from opening medically.
Attachments to both capsular and medial meniscus.
Femoral Condoyle
Two know-like protuberances at the base of the femur that comprise the top of the knee joint are known as femoral condoyles.
Weight bearing portions of condoyles are covered with hyaline articulat cartilage. Medial and lateral condoyles.
Lateral Meniscus
Fibrocartilaginous meniscus In knee.
LCL (knee)
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Connects lateral condoyle of femur to the head of the fibula
Prevents join from opening laterally
Not attached to the capsule or a meniscus
PCL (knee)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament is dense band of fibrous connective tissues that bridge from the medial femoral condylarths to just beyond posterior portion of tibia plateau.
Composed of two primary bundles, named according to their locations: larger anterolateral bundle and the smaller posteromedial bundle.
Forms a cross that stabilizes the knee from front to rear
Quad Tendon
Quadriceps tendon connects the quadriceps muscles to the patella and patellar tendon.
When quads contract, the tendon pulls tight, straightening the leg
How many layers in abdomen wall?
What are they?
5
Skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles, deep fascia, poritoneum (inner lining)
Rectus Sheath
Includes all an muscles namely the rectus abdominis, obliques, transversals abdominis muscles.
Fused at midline by tendinous ridge. Starts at xiphoid process of sternum and continues down to pubic down.
Umbilicus
Attachment of skin to the underlying muscle fascia. Usual a lot of entry for laparoscopic surgeries
Inguinal Region
Through inguinal canal, important blood vessels and nerves travel to lower extremities.
Spermatic Cord (males) and Round Ligament (females) travel through canal.
Propensity to have hernias
Aorta
Main artery of body and trickles into the right common lilac artery and left
Laparotomy
A midline incision in the abdominal wall
McBurney Incision
Kochar Incision
Pfannenstiel Incision
Trocars
Used as entry points into abdomen. They are usually 5mm to 12mm
Proximal
Toward the beginning
Distal
Towards the end
Medial
Toward midline
Superficial
Close to surface
Arteries
Transport oxygenated blood away from heart
Veins
Transports deoxygenated blood from organs to inferior vena cava and ultimately back to heart
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Away from head
Gastrectomy
Surgical removal of any part of the stomach
