Anatomy

Question 1

Which nerve is found deep to the mucosa of the piriform recess and what is its function?

Answer 1

• Internal laryngeal n. a branch of superior laryngeal n. (CN X)
• Mediates afferent limb of the cough reflex

Question 2

Whic nerve exits the pelvis thru the greater sciatic foramen and re-enters the pelvis near the ischial spine making it vulnerable to stretch injury during labor?

Answer 2

Pudendal N. (S2-S4)

Question 3

How does an epidural hematoma typically present?

Answer 3

Within hours to days following procedure; sudden onset back pain or raidcular pain with progression to complete or partial paralysis of the LE’s

Question 4

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is most commonly due to disruption of which artery?

Answer 4

Medial circumflex femoral a.

Question 5

Which structures are affected in a supracondylar humeral fracture with anteromedial displacement vs. anterolateral displacement?

Answer 5

• Anteromedial: causes median n. and brachial a. injury
• Anterolateral: causes radial n. injury

Question 6

How does the venous drainage from the left ovary differ from the right ovary?

Answer 6

• Left ovarian vein —> left renal vein
• Right ovarian vein —> IVC

Question 7

Which nerve is at risk for injury during catheter ablation of the right atrium near the crista terminalis, cavotricuspid isthmus, or right-sided pulmonary veins?

Answer 7

Phrenic n. —> elevation of right hemidiaphragm on CXR

Question 8

What are the 2 arterial supplies of the thyroid gland?

Answer 8

• Superior thyroid a. –> branch of the external carotid a.
• Inferior thyroid a. –> branch of the thyrocervical trunk.

Question 9

What is the characteristic pathologic findings of Fibromuscular Dysplasia?

Answer 9

• Fibromuscular webs (luminal stenosis) alternating with aneurysmal dilation and loss of the internal elastic lamina
• Renal artery stenosis (often 1st sign), cerebral arteries, and visceral arteries commonly involved
• Angiography shows characteristic string-of-beads appearance