Ancillary Testing - ODBoardsPrep

Question 1

Visual Field

Answer 1

Indication: To evaluate peripheral vision and associated visual field loss

Question 2

Altitudinal Defect

Answer 2

• NAION
• AAION
• Ethambutol
• Advanced Glaucoma
• BRVO
• Optic Neuritis

Question 3

Arcuate Defect

Answer 3

• Glaucoma
• Optic Pit

Question 4

Paracentral Scotoma

Answer 4

• Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity (ring scotoma)
• Early glaucoma
• Ethambutol

Question 5

Central Scotoma

Answer 5

• AMD
• CSCR
• Optic Atrophy
• Macular Hole
• Solar Retinopathy
• Optic Neuritis

Question 6

Centrocecal Scotoma

Answer 6

• Toxic/Hereditary/Nutritional Optic Neuropathy
• Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Question 7

Enlarged Blind Spot

Answer 7

• Papilledema
• ONH drusen
• Papillophlebitis
• Optic neuritis

Question 8

Full Field ERG

Answer 8

• Retinal dysfunction

Used for:
- Rod/cone Dystrophies
- Cancer Associated Retinopathy
- Toxic Retinopathy
- Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 9

ERG

Answer 9

Indication: Evaluate electrical response of cells in the retina in response to light stimulation

Question 10

Multifocal ERG (mfERG)

Answer 10

• Macular specific retinal dysfunction

Used for:
- Plaquenil toxicity

Question 11

Pattern ERG (pERG)

Answer 11

Pattern: Macular retinal ganglion cells

Used for:
- Glaucoma

Question 12

Macular OCT

Answer 12

Indication: Evaluate macular integrity

Question 13

ONH OCT

Answer 13

Indication: Evaluate optic nerve head integrity

Question 14

Anterior Segment OCT (AS-OCT)

Answer 14

Indication: Evaluate anterior chamber integrity

Used for:
- Angle Closure Glaucoma

Question 15

B-Scan Ultrasound

Answer 15

Indication:
- Measure the extent and thickness of the problem (e.g. tumor)
- Evaluate retinal integrity unable to be viewed through problem (e.g. dense cataract)

Used for:
- Tumor
- Dense corneal opacities
- Hyphema
- Hypopyon
- Dense Cataracts
- Significant vitreous opacification (i.e. dense asteroid hyalosis)
- Retinal detachment

Question 16

Fluorescein Angiography (FA)

Answer 16

Indication: Evaluate circulation in the retina and choroid in the back of the eye

Used for:
- Retinal NV
- Macular lesions
- Central Serous Retinopathy
- Malignant Melanoma
- AMD
- Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis
- CNVM
- CME

Question 17

Early Phase: Lacy hyperfluorescence pattern
Late Phase: Prominent leakage

Answer 17

Choroidal Neovascular Membrane (CNVM)

Question 18

Petal pattern (leakage)

Answer 18

Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)

Question 19

Smoke stack pattern

Answer 19

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR)

Question 20

Polyp-like lesions

Answer 20

Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

Question 21

Pooling

Answer 21

Pigment Epithelial Detachment (PED)

Question 22

Window Defect

Answer 22

Geographic Atrophy (GA)
Bulls Eye Maculopathy (Hydroxychloroquine)

Question 23

Dark Choroid Sign (Hypofluorescence w/ prominent retinal vasculature)

Answer 23

Stargardt’s

Question 24

Hypofluorescence during venous phase (blockage), hyperfluorescence during late stage (leakage)

Answer 24

BRVO, CRVO

Question 25

Hypofluorescent

Answer 25

Cotton wool spots Capillary nonperfusion Dot-Blot Hemorrhages (deep capillary layer)

Question 26

Hyperfluorescent

Answer 26

Neovascularization Microaneurysms (inner retina) Areas of retinal edema

Question 27

MRI

Answer 27

Indication: Assess brain and eye lesions

Question 28

CT

Answer 28

Indication: Assess bone irregularities in fractures, examine calcification or bony involvement in a soft tissue mass Can differentiate preseptal and orbital cellulitis Can r/o suspected intraocular or intraorbital metallic foreign bodies

Question 29

MRA

Answer 29

Indication: evaluate blood vessels and blood flow Can r/o carotid artery stenosis/occlusion/dissection, intracranial and orbital arterial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, acquired arteriovenous communications, and vascular masses

Question 30

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)

Answer 30

Indication: Illuminate blood flow in the choroid Gold standard to diagnose polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Question 31

Stroke Work-up

Answer 31

- Non-contrast CT - MRI - CTA or MRA - ECG - CBC

Question 32

ESR/CRP/CBC

Answer 32

Indication: inflammatory markers for GCA, diabetes, CRAO

Question 33

Cycloplegic Refraction

Answer 33

Indication: to confirm or r/o latent hyperopia

Question 34

Corneal Topography

Answer 34

Indication: to confirm or r/o irregular astigmatism