Andrade (evaluation)

Question 1

Strengths- Reliability

Answer 1

1. Standardised instructions
2. Stanardised phone call
3. Operationalisation of dooling

Question 2

What standaridised instructions were given?

Answer 2

• I am going to play you a tape
• The tape is rather dull but thats okay because I don’t wan’t you to remeber any of it
• Just write down the names of people who will def/ probally be comming to the party

Question 3

Why were standadised instructions given?

Answer 3

• Eliminating variability in how tasks are performed or understood.
• Thus minimizing** potential differences **in responses

Question 4

What were the examples of counterbalancing in the procedure?

Answer 4

• Half of the ppts in each condition
• Asked to recall the names of party-goers then names of places mentioned
• The other half did the opposite

Question 5

Why was counterbalancing used?

Answer 5

• Help control for order effects (practice effects)
• Ppts did not get better/ worse in moniteering the telephone message

Question 6

The procedure was adminsitered in a quiet room why is this important?

Answer 6

• Minimises external distractions
• That could interfere with ppts concentration/ task performance
• Increases reliability
• Important they are assesed under comparable conditions

Question 7

Strength-High in internal validity

Answer 7

1. Counterbalancing
2. Quiet room
3. Recruitment

Question 8

How was the phone call standardised?

Answer 8

• Recorded in the same monotonous voice
• 2.5 minutes
• 227 WPM

Question 9

Why was the standardisation of the phone call important?

Answer 9

• Ensures ppts are all equally likely to be bored thus daydream
• Controls for any attension drawing aspect (aiding memory)
• Facilitates easier replication of the study

Question 10

How was doodling operationalised?

Answer 10

• Standardised by using the doodling sheets
• Shading of shapes on the doodling sheets

Question 11

Why was this operationalisation of doodling important?

Answer 11

• Controls for ppts putting effort in the doodling
• Ensures different researchers/same researchers at diff times interpret and measure the varibles in the same way
• Minimises measurement error

Question 12

How were ppts recuited?

Answer 12

• Asked to join the study after immideatley partcipating in another study

Question 13

Why is the way ppts were recruited into the study important?

Answer 13

• Enhances boredom
• All equally likely to be bored thus daydream

Question 14

What quantitative data was collected in the study?

Answer 14

• Number of names and places recalled
• This is an objective record of memory.

Question 15

Strength- Use of standard deviation and mean

Question 16

Sampling bias- weakness

Answer 16

• Opportunity sample (all members of the same panel/ same profile (interest in pych) caused issues for demand characteristics
• Mainly females with (3 males in EC, 2 C) thus biased in terms of gender
• Sample was small in each condition
• Thus results on concentration and memory may not be generalisab;e

Question 17

Ecological validity- Weaknesses

Answer 17

• Specific , controlled standaridised doodling (shading printed shapes)
• May not reflect naturalistic doodling
  activities that occur in natural enviroments
• Clear objectives, tasks whilst doodling unrealistic
• Few tasks are purely auditory/ visual

Question 18

Weakness- No measurments for doodling

Answer 18

• No direct measure for daydreaming
• Cannot distinguish between attension and memory explanations
• What mechanism is behind the observed effect
• Brain scans/ self report