Anesthesia

Question 1

What are the four primary pieces of equipment listed for the anesthesia station?

Answer 1

1. Anesthesia machine
2. Reservoir (rebreathing) bag
3. Breathing circuit tubes
4. Endotracheal tube

Question 2

Name the two potential sources for the O2 supply

Answer 2

1. The wall
2. O2 Tanks

Question 3

What component is used to measure the pressure within the breathing circuit?

Answer 3

The manometer.

Question 4

What are the two “limbs” of a Y-piece breathing circuit?

Answer 4

The inspiratory limb and the expiratory limb.

Question 5

List three alternative names for the unidirectional valve.

Answer 5

1. One-way valve
2. Flutter valve
3. Inspiratory/Expiratory valve

Question 6

What is the common name for the Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL) valve?

Answer 6

The Pop-off valve.

Question 7

What component is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the recirculated gas?

Answer 7

The CO2 absorbent canister (containing soda lime or similar granules).

Question 8

Where does gas exit the vaporizer to enter the rest of the circuit?

Answer 8

The common gas outlet.

Question 9

What is another name for the bypass valve?

Answer 9

The O2 flush valve.

Question 10

What is another name for the pressure relief valve?

Answer 10

The anti-PEEP valve.

Question 11

What is the function of Flowmeters?

Answer 11

They are adjusted to set the rate of O2 flow.

Question 12

What happens when the Bypass (Flush) Valve is activated?

Answer 12

O2 bypasses the vaporizer, delivering pure oxygen directly to the patient without anesthetic gas.

Question 13

What is the specific purpose of the Vaporizer?

Answer 13

It is where O2 enters and mixes with liquid anesthetic to become anesthetic gas.

Question 14

What is the role of the Negative Pressure Relief Valve?

Answer 14

It allows ambient air to enter the system if the internal pressure is insufficient (a safety backup).

Question 15

What is the purpose of the CO2 Absorbent Canister?

Answer 15

It removes $CO_2$ from expired gases using absorbent granules so the remaining $O_2$ can join the inspiratory arm.

Question 16

Where are expired gases ultimately vented to the outside?

Answer 16

Through the Anesthetic Scavenger System.

Question 17

What does the Pressure Relief (anti-PEEP) Valve do?

Answer 17

It allows gases to escape if the system pressure exceeds the PEEP setting.

Question 18

What do the Unidirectional (Flutter) Valves control?

Answer 18

They ensure the one-way flow of gas specifically towards the patient.

Question 19

What is the function of the Reservoir (Rebreathing) Bag?

Answer 19

It serves as a storage volume where O2 and anesthetic gas flow into for the patient to inhale.

Question 20

What flows past the APL (Pop-off) Valve?

Answer 20

Expired gases that are leaving the breathing circuit.

Question 21

What is the destination for gases in the Anesthetic Scavenger System?

Answer 21

They are vented to the outside to prevent room contamination.

Question 22

How does the CO2 Absorbent Canister allow for a “rebreathing” circuit?

Answer 22

It removes CO2 via soda lime granules so the remaining gas (mostly O2) can be safely inhaled again.

water vapor is also absorbed

Question 23

Step 1-3: Where does O2 go immediately after leaving the wall or tank source?

Answer 23

It enters the back of the flowmeters and travels through them.

Question 24

Step 4-6: What happens to O2 after the flowmeter but before the common gas outlet?

Answer 24

It flows past the bypass (flush) valve, enters the vaporizer to mix with anesthetic, and exits via the common gas outlet.

Question 25

Step 7-9: After the common gas outlet, what are the two places O2 flows once it passes the fresh gas inlet?

Answer 25

1. Toward the patient through the unidirectional valve. 2. Into the reservoir (rebreathing) bag.

Question 26

Step 10: How does the gas mixture finally enter the patient's lungs?

Answer 26

Through the inspiratory limb of the Y-piece circuit and the endotracheal tube.

Question 27

Step 11-12: What is the first "stop" for expired gases leaving the patient?

Answer 27

They travel through the expiratory limb of the Y-piece and past the pressure relief (anti-PEEP) valve.

Question 28

Step 14: If expired gases are leaving the circuit, what three components do they pass through?

Answer 28

1. Unidirectional valve 2. APL (pop-off) valve 3. Anesthetic scavenger system (vented outside).

Question 29

Step 15: If expired gases are recirculating, what must they pass through before being rebreathed?

Answer 29

The CO2 absorbent canister (to remove CO2).

Question 30

Step 15 (Final): After leaving the CO2 canister, where does the "cleaned" gas go?

Answer 30

It joins the inspiratory arm of the breathing circuit to be inhaled again.

Question 31

What is the color code for Oxygen?

Answer 31

Green

Question 32

What is the color code for Nitrous Oxide?

Answer 32

Blue

Question 33

What is the color code for Medical Air?

Answer 33

Yellow

Question 34

What is the color code for Carbon Dioxide?

Answer 34

Gray

Question 35

What is the color code for Heliox (Helium/O2)?

Answer 35

Brown and White

Question 36

What color is the Isoflurane vaporizer?

Answer 36

Purple

Question 37

What color is the Sevoflurane vaporizer?

Answer 37

Yellow

Question 38

What is the function of the Pressure Reduction Valve (regulator)?

Answer 38

It reduces gas pressure from a high-pressure tank to a safe 40–50 psi before it enters the machine.

Question 39

What are the specific flow and pressure specs of the Oxygen Flush Valve?

Answer 39

It delivers 35–75 L/min at approximately 50 psi.

Question 40

What three things might be found in the gas exiting the Common Gas Outlet?

Answer 40

1. Oxygen 2. Nitrous Oxide 3. Vaporized anesthetic agent

Question 41

What are the three main roles of the Reservoir Bag?

Answer 41

1. Reservoir of gas for the patient. 2. Monitor respiratory rate. 3. Permit manual ventilation.

Question 42

How does the Pressure Relief (Anti-PEEP) Valve prevent barotrauma?

Answer 42

It contains a spring that automatically releases circuit pressure if it exceeds the valve's manufactured limit.

Question 43

What is the definition of the Fresh Gas Inlet?

Answer 43

The specific point where fresh (non-rebreathed) gas enters the breathing circuit.

Question 44

What does the Pressure Manometer measure?

Answer 44

The pressure within the breathing circuit and the patient's airway or lungs.

Question 45

Why is the Manometer critical during manual ventilation ("giving a breath")?

Answer 45

It ensures you do not exceed safe pressure limits (usually staying under 15–20 cm $H_{2}O$) to prevent lung damage.

Question 46

Path of oxygen:

Answer 46

1. O2 source 2. Pressure Reduction Valve 3. Oxygen Flowmeter 4. Oxygen Flush Valve (bypass) 5. Anesthetic Vaporizer 6. Common Gas Outlet 7. Y-Joint/ Fresh Gas Inlet 8. Unidirectional (inspiratory) valve 9. Reservoir Bag 10. Inspiratory Limb 11. Endotracheal Limb 12. Expiratory Limb 13. Pressure Manometer 14. Pressure Relief 15. O2 recirculates to CO2 absorbent canister or leaves into Scavenger waste to be vented outside.