indications for cerebral angiography
- aneurysm
- arterio-venous malformation (AVM)
- thrombosis
- tumour vascularity
clinical presentation of AVM
intracranial hemorrhage
S&S of cerebral aneurysm
- abrupt onset of a severe headache
- followed by nausea, vomiting and drowsiness or coma
- neck stiffness and low back ache follow in a few days
goal of cerebral angiography
- to answer diagnostic questions about cerebral vasculature
- facilitate appropriate therapy
radiography projections for carotid
- occipital-frontal
- cross table lateral
- oblique 30-35deg
radiography projections of vertebral
- reverse towne’s view
- cross table lateral
- towne’s oblique 30-35deg
- occipital frontal
- oblique 30-35deg
possible complication of cerebral angiography
punctured site injury
- hemorrhage
- arterial occlusion
- pseudoaneurysm
- arteriovenous fistula
- limb amputation
indication for coronary angiography
- ischemic heart disease
- ventricular ejection function
- coronary heart disease or anomalies of the great vessels
- valvular disease
access site to do a CC
- radial artery access commonly used
type of guiding cather used in CC
judkins curved left, judkins curved right
judkins left short tip, judkins right short tip
judkins left, judkins right
pigtail
major radiographer’s role in CC
- control wedge filter position
- control shutters
- select proper protocol
- adjust II and C-arm position
what is wedged filters used for
to prevent distracting highlights in the region of interest that will affect image quality, wedge filters can be used
what is shutters used for
- adjust the FOV and to avoid showing white margins at the edges of the image that might interfere with the perception of image detail
what should be the image intensifier position in CC
- moved away from patient first before moved to a diff c-arm angulation
- avoid air gaps that deteriorate image quality: distance between the II and patient should be minimised every time again after change in projection view
complications to a CC
- arrhythmias
- ostial dissection
- access site complications
indication of CC left ventriculogram
- identification of LV function:
- wall motion abnormalities
- ventricular size and mass
- identification of mitral regurgitation
- identification of ventricular septal defects
contraindications of CC left ventriculogram
- critical aortic stenosis
- LV thrombus
standard views for ventriculography
RAO 30deg
LAO 60deg
complications of left ventriculogram
- ventricular arrythmias
- embolisation of air or thrombus
- contrast related complications
