Angiosperms

Question 1

What is the single phylum of angiosperm

Answer 1

anthophyta

Question 2

What is included in angiosperms

Answer 2

seed plants
flowers
fruits

Question 3

Flowers

Answer 3

specialized structure for sexual reproduction

Question 4

How are flowers pollinated

Answer 4

animals (insects, mammals, birds) and wind

Question 5

Pollinator has a large effect on the adaptations of the flower

Answer 5

color
shape
scent

Question 6

Gymnosperms are primarily____pollinated

Answer 6

wind

Question 7

Amorphophallus titanum

Answer 7

• largest unbranched inflorescence
• corpse flower
• only found in sumatra

Question 8

Rafflesia schadenbegiana

Answer 8

• largest flower. 1 meter diameter, bloom lasts 5-6 days
• corpse flower
• Indonesia and malaysia

Question 9

Flowers house the _____ generation

Answer 9

gametophyte

Question 10

Modified stems bearing

Answer 10

modified leaves

Question 11

Primordium

Answer 11

develops into a bud at the end of a stalk called the pedicel

Question 12

pedicel

Answer 12

expands at the tip to form a receptacle, to which other parts attach

Question 13

Flower parts are organized into circles called

Answer 13

Whorls

Question 14

Outermost whorl

Answer 14

sepals

Question 15

Second whorl

Answer 15

petals

Question 16

Third whorl

Answer 16

stamens (androecium)

• pollen is the male gametophyte
• Each stamen has a pollen-bearing anther and a filament (stalk)

Question 17

Innermost whorl

Answer 17

gynoecium

• consists of one or more carpels
• house the female gametophyte

Question 18

The carpel

Answer 18

consists of an ovary at the base and a style leading up to a stigma where pollen is received

Question 19

Sometimes carpel is referred to as ___

Answer 19

pistil

Question 20

Embryo sac

Answer 20

female gametophyte

develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of a stigma

Question 21

Embryo sac

Daughter nuclei divide to produce

Answer 21

8 haploid nuclei in 2 groups of 4

Question 22

What happens after the daughter nuclei divide

Answer 22

1. 2 nuclei (1 from each group of 4) migrate toward center - ruction as polar nuclei - my fuse
2. Cell closest to the micropyle becomes the egg
3. 2 other cells are synergies
4. Antipodals are the 3 cells at the other end - they have no function

Question 23

Integuments become the

Answer 23

seed coat

Question 24

The 8 haploid nuclei in 7 cells make up the

Answer 24

female gametophyte

also known as the embryo sac

Question 25

The stamen

Answer 25

modified microsporophyll male part of flower Microsporangium - pollen sacs

Question 26

Complete flower

Answer 26

has all 4 modified leaves | incomplete is missiong one or more

Question 27

Perfect flowers

Answer 27

have both male and female parts

Question 28

Monoecious plant

Answer 28

- has both male and female parts - perfect flowers are monoecious - but plant could have female flower ad male flowers

Question 29

Dioicous plant

Answer 29

Each sporophyte produces either male or female gametophytes

Question 30

Perfect flowers can't

Answer 30

self pollinate | some plants have very high frequency of selfing

Question 31

Mechanisms to prevent selfing

Answer 31

Gametophytic self incompatibility Heterostyly Sporophytic Self Incompatibility

Question 32

Gametophytic self incompatability

Answer 32

Proteins prevent pollen tube from growing

Question 33

Heterostyly

Answer 33

Stamens and Carpels are of different length

Question 34

Pollen

Answer 34

Male gametophyte | Pollen structure influenced by dispersal methods

Question 35

Exterior of pollen composed primarily of

Answer 35

Sporopollenin

Question 36

A pollen grain that has landed on a stigma germinates and the pollen tube of the male gametophyte

Answer 36

grows down the ovary

Question 37

Ovule is entered by a pore called the

Answer 37

micropyle

Question 38

Double fertilization

Answer 38

occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

Question 39

One sperm fertilizes the egg while the other combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of

Answer 39

food-storing endosperm

Question 40

The endosperm

Answer 40

nourishes the developing embryo

Question 41

Double fertilization continued

Answer 41

- one sperm unites with egg to form the diploid zygote - new sporophyte - other sperm unites with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm - provides nutrients to embryo

Question 42

Cotyledons

Answer 42

within a seed, the embryo consists of a root and one or two seed leaves called cotyledons gymnosperms have 2-24 cotyledons

Question 43

Hypogeal cotyledons

Answer 43

stay below ground and do not photosynthesize

Question 44

Epigeal cotyledons

Answer 44

expand on germination and push off seed shell, photosynthesizing above ground