Animal Behavior

Question 1

Simple Reflex

Answer 1

• Spinal Cord (Interneuron)

- Receptor –> Motor –> Muscle/Gland

Question 2

Complex Reflex

Answer 2

• Include brainstem or cerebrum
• Innate, complex, coordinated
• Initiated by releaser
• Uses reticular activation system

Question 3

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 3

-Modified by external stimuli; initiated intrinsically

Question 4

Habituation

Answer 4

-Suppression of normal start response to stimuli

Question 5

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 5

• Response recovered over time if stimulus is not regularly applied anymore (Habituation)
• Reinforcement returned (Operant)

Question 6

Classical Conditioning

Answer 6

-Pavlovian association of autonomic/visceral response with environmental stimulus (Neutral)

Question 7

What are the factors associated with Pavlovian Conditioning?

Answer 7

• Unconditioned stimulus/response
• Neutral stimulus –> No response
• Conditioned Stimulus/Conditioned Response

Question 8

Which reflex type is more important to lower organisms?

Answer 8

Simple Reflex

Question 9

Pseudoconditioning

Answer 9

“Neutral” stimulus elicits response prior to conditioning

Question 10

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

• Use of reward to reinforce behavior
• (+) reinforcement
• (-) reinforcement
• Punishment

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

-Gradual elimination of response in absence of reinforcement (operant conditioning) or absence of unconditioned response/poorly paired (classical)

Question 12

Generalization

Answer 12

-Respond to similar but not identical stimuli –> stimulus gradient is formed

Question 13

Imprinting

Answer 13

-Environmental patterns or objects presented to developing organism in critical period is accepted permanently as element of behavioral environment

Question 14

Intraspecific interactions

Answer 14

• Communication between species

- Reproductive display, Agonistic display, Dancing

Question 15

Pecking order

Answer 15

-Social hierarchy minimizes intraspecific aggressions by defining stable relationships among members

Question 16

Releaser pheromones

Answer 16

• Reversible behavioral changes

- E.g. Sex attractants, alarm, toxic defenses

Question 17

Primer pheromones

Answer 17

• Long-term behavioral change or physiological alteration

- E.g. Alter estrous cycles of females