Ankle & Foot

Question 1

Ankle Anatomy

Answer 1

Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Talocrural Joint

Question 2

Foot Anatomy

Answer 2

Hindfoot (rearfoot)
-Subtalar joint

Midfoot

• Transverse Tarsal (Midtarsal) Joints: Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid
• Distal Intertarsal Joints: Cuneonavicular, Cuboidenavicular, Intercuneiform, Cuneocuboid

Forefoot

• Tarsometatarsal
• Intermetatarsal
• Metatarsophalangeal
• Interphalangeal

Question 3

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

Answer 3

• Fibrous/syndesmosis type of joint
• Movement is minimal
• Spreads apart going into DF b/c Talus is wider anteriorly
• Ligaments: Anterior TibFib & Posterior TibFib Ligament

Question 4

Distal Tibiofibular Joint Resting Position

Answer 4

PF

Question 5

Distal Tibiofibular Joint Closed Pack Position

Answer 5

Max DF

Question 6

Distal Tibiofibular Joint Capsular Pattern

Answer 6

Pain when joint is stressed

Question 7

Talocrural Joint

Answer 7

• Modififed hinge, synovial joint
• This is the main ankle joint
• b/w Talus, Lateral & Medial Malleoli

-Movement = PF & DF

Question 8

Talocrural Joint Resting Position

Answer 8

10deg PF & midway b/w inversion/eversion

Question 9

Talocrural Joint Closed Pack Position

Answer 9

Max DF

Question 10

Talocrural Joint Capsular Pattern

Answer 10

PF > DF

Question 11

Subtalar Joint

Answer 11

3 articular facets

• Posterior: concave Talus, convex Calcaneus
• 2 Anterior: convex Talus, concave Calcaneus

-Movement = Inversion/eversion = responsible for alignment of Tranverse Tarsal Joint (locking/unlocking of midfoot)

• Pronated hindfoot = parallel axis = increased movement
• Supinated hindfoot = NOT parallel axis = decreased movement

Question 12

Subtalar Joint Resting Position

Answer 12

Midway b/w extreme ROM

Question 13

Subtalar Joint Closed Pack Position

Answer 13

Supination

Question 14

Subtalar Joint Capsular Pattern

Answer 14

Varus > Valgus

Question 15

Midtarsal Joints

Answer 15

Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid

• minimal movement alone
• significant movement together (ADD & ABD)

Question 16

Chopart Joint

Answer 16

• part of Midtarsal Joints
• b/w Talus/Calcaneous & Navicular/Cuboid

-separates medial from lateral sides

Question 17

Midtarsal Joints Resting Position

Answer 17

Midway b/w extreme ROM

Question 18

Midtarsal Joints Closed Pack Position

Answer 18

Supination

Question 19

Midtarsal Joints Capsular Pattern

Answer 19

DF > PF > ADD > IR

Question 20

Forefoot Joints

Answer 20

Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal

Question 21

Tarsometatarsal Joint Resting Position

Answer 21

Midway b/w extreme ROM

Question 22

Tarsometatarsal Joint Closed Pack Position

Answer 22

Supination

Question 23

Tarsometatarsal Joint Capsular Pattern

Answer 23

NONE

Question 24

Metatarsophalangeal Joint Resting Position

Answer 24

10deg extension

Question 25

Metatarsophalangeal Joint Closed Pack Position

Answer 25

Full extension

Question 26

Metatarsophalangeal Joint Capsular Pattern

Answer 26

Big toe = extension > flexion | Little toes = variable

Question 27

Interphalangeal Joint Resting Position

Answer 27

Slight flexion

Question 28

Interphalangeal Joint Closed Pack Position

Answer 28

Full extension

Question 29

Interphalangeal Joint Capsular Pattern

Answer 29

Flexion > extension

Question 30

Ankle DF ROM

Answer 30

``` norm = 20 F = Lateral Malleolus S = Fibula M = parallel to 5th MT ```

Question 31

Ankle PF ROM

Answer 31

``` norm = 50 F = Lateral Malleolus S = Fibula M = parallel to 5th MT ```

Question 32

Ankle Inversion ROM

Answer 32

``` norm = 35 F = b/w Malleoli S = Tibia M = 2nd MT ```

Question 33

Ankle Eversion ROM

Answer 33

``` norm = 15 F = b/w Malleoli S = Tibia M = 2nd MT ```

Question 34

1st MTP Flexion ROM

Answer 34

``` norm = 45 F = MTP joint S = 1st MT M = proximal phalange ```

Question 35

1st MTP Extension ROM

Answer 35

``` norm = 70 F = MTP joint S = 1st MT M = proximal phalange ```