Annotation Formats

Question 1

Why do we need/use annotation formats?

Answer 1

Documents are often human readable but not machine readable

Question 2

What are annotations?

Answer 2

added like markup to a text document (not the original format)

Question 3

What is important when creating annotations?

Answer 3

A convention must be followed

Question 4

What is the purpose of annotation (3)

Answer 4

• presentation
• metadata
• understanding content

Question 5

What are the types of annotation formats (3)

Answer 5

• boundary notation
• inline markup elements
• standoff (delimiter separated values csv, json)

Question 6

What is boundary notation?

Answer 6

The application of annotation to each individual token,

Question 7

Give an example of boundary notation

Answer 7

BIO- begin, inside, outside

Question 8

What are the benefits (1) and disadvantages (1) of BIO

Answer 8

• simple

- cant handle hierarchical or structured annotations like nesting, relations or events

Question 9

Give an example of a nested entity

Answer 9

“the British prime minister boris johnson”

Question 10

Given an example of an event

Answer 10

The iraq, us war

Question 11

What are the benefits (1) and disadvantages (2) of inline markup

Answer 11

• can cope with nested, hierarchical and structured (i.e. events)
• requires substantial processing
• cant encode overlapping/intersecting annotations

Question 12

Give an example overlapping/intersecting annotation

Answer 12

“the Iraq city of Basra”

Question 13

What are stand off annotations?

Answer 13

Annotations stored separately from the document (requires a way to link). We link annotations using indexing on character offsets

Question 14

What are the benefits (2) and disadvantages (1) of stand off annotations

Answer 14

• original text is left untouched
• handles overlapping and structured
• not human readable because of the separation