antepartum - ackerman

Question 1

conception

Answer 1

the fertilization of an ovum (egg) by a spermatozoon (sperm) to form a viable zygote

Question 2

ovulation

Answer 2

release of the ovum, approx 14 days before a woman’s next period

Question 3

location of implantation

Answer 3

upper uterus (fundus)

Question 4

embryonic period

Answer 4

extends from beginning of third week thru 8th week after conception

Question 5

fetal period

Answer 5

beginning 9 weeks after conception and ending with birth

Question 6

Naegele’s Rule for EDB

Answer 6

• 1st day of Last Menstrual Period (LMP)
• subtract 3 months
• add 7 days

Question 7

subjective/presumptive changes of pregnancy

Answer 7

-amenorrhea
- urinary frequency
- nausea and vomiting
- breast tenderness

Question 8

objective/PROBABLE changes

Answer 8

• abdominal enlargement
• goodell’s sign
  -chadwick’s sign
• positive pregnancy test
• ballottment

Question 9

POSITIVE signs of pregnancy

Answer 9

• visualization of fetus via ultrasound
• fetal movement and heartbeat

Question 10

goodell’s sign vs chadwick sign

Answer 10

G: softening of the cervix
C: bluish-purple discoloration of cervix

Question 11

physiological changes associated w/ pregnancy

Answer 11

-uterus enlargement
- endocervical glands secrete thick, sticky mucus to form mucus plug
- increase in pregnancy hormones
- breast enlargement

Question 12

pregnancy hormones

Answer 12

• HCG
• placental lactogen
• estrogen
• progesterone
• relaxin

Question 13

progesterone role

Answer 13

• Thickens the uterine lining for implantation and prevents uterine contractions.
• Maintains the pregnancy and helps the uterus grow.

Question 14

oxytocin role

Answer 14

• Stimulates strong uterine contractions during labor.
• Aids in milk let-down (ejection) and uterine contraction after birth to prevent bleeding.

Question 15

resp ssytem changes

Answer 15

increased oxygen requirements

15-20% oxygen consumption

dyspnea (shortness of breath)

Question 16

cardiovascular changes

Answer 16

vena caval syndrome (eight of baby crushes IVC)

increased blood volume by 30-50%

increased HR by 10-15 beats

increased iron and RBC levels

Question 17

gastrointestinal and urinary changes

Answer 17

slowing peristalsis/bloating

urinary frequency, increased risk UTI

Question 18

skin and musculoskeletal changes

Answer 18

linea nigra

chloasma

stretchmarks

lumbar lordosis

increased risk for falls b/c of changed center of gravity

Question 19

assessments of mother include

Answer 19

obstetrical and reproductive history

fetal heart check

physical examination (vitals, urine, weight, fundal height)

Question 20

GTPAL

Answer 20

G: gravida - total number of pregnancies including abortions and miscarried

T: number of Term babies (babies born after 37 weeks)

P: number of Preterm babies

A; number of pregnancies ending in abortion or pregnancy under 20 weeks

L: number of Living children

Question 21

weight gain for normal weight

Answer 21

25-35

Question 22

weight gain for overweigtht women

Answer 22

15-25

Question 23

weight gain for obese women

Answer 23

11-20

Question 24

weight gain for underweight women

Answer 24

28-40 lb

Question 25

common discomforts of pregnancy

Answer 25

ptyalism (excess saliva) dyspnea (shortness of breath) pyrosis (heartburn) nauesa urinary frequency edema

Question 26

health promotion

Answer 26

breast care, personal hygiene and support activity, self care and rest sexual intimacy unless on pelvic rest

Question 27

vaccines

Answer 27

cannot get any live vaccines (MMR, varicella) has to be postpartum

Question 28

folic acid intake for pregantn women

Answer 28

600 mcg

Question 29

protein intake for pregnant woman

Answer 29

60 g

Question 30

calorie needs by trimester

Answer 30

first trimester: no extra calories 2nd trimester: extra 340 calories 3rd trimester: extra 450 calories breastfeeding: extra 330-400 calories