ANTHRAX

Question 1

what is anthrax

Answer 1

spore forming, strong bacilli

Question 2

anthrax can be used as what

Answer 2

BIOLOGICAL WARFARE

Question 3

recent case of anthrax

Answer 3

Nov 2023 in zambia

Question 4

causative agent of anthrax

Answer 4

bacillus anthracis

Question 5

bacillus anthracis

Answer 5

aerobic, encapsulated, non-motile, non-hemolytic, gram negative, spore forming, 02 loving bacteria

Question 6

incubation of anthrax

Answer 6

1-7 days

Question 7

types of anthrax

Answer 7

cutaneous anthrax
inhalation anthrax
gastrointestinal
injection

Question 8

inhalation/breathing in of anthrax spores

Answer 8

inhalation anthrax

Question 9

what is gastrointestinal anthrax

Answer 9

eating/drinking contaminated food (raw or uncooked) and water with spores

Question 10

what is cutaneous anthrax

Answer 10

toucking spores with a cut or scrape in skin

Question 11

what is injection anthrax

Answer 11

heroin-injecting drug users

Question 12

MOT of anthrax

Answer 12

• contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
  l (drumheads, wool dothing)

-inhalation / breathing in. of anthrax spores among. wool mill workers, slarghterhouses, tanniers

• eating or drinking contaminated food (raw or undercooked) and water with spores
• touching spores with cut or scrape in skin
• Heroin - injecting drug users

Question 13

s/sx of cutaneous anthrax

Answer 13

itchy small blisters or lumps (black in color)

painless sore on face, neck, arms with black center

Question 14

s/sx of inhalation anthrax

Answer 14

fever/chills
heavy sweats
chest pain, SOB
confusion/dizziness
N/V
headache
myalgia
extreme tiredness

Question 15

s/sx of GI anthrax

Answer 15

fever/chills
lymphadenopathy
sore throat, hoarseness of voice
odynophagia
n/v
hematemesis ( vomits blood)
diarrhea
headache
syncope

Question 16

s/sx of injection anthrax

Answer 16

swelling at injection site
erythema (reddish discolouration)
excessive bruising

Question 17

pharmacological management of anthrax

first line

Answer 17

FLUOROQUINOLONES (7-10 days)

ciprofloxacin
moxifloxacin
levofloxacin

Question 18

pharmacological management of anthrax

other antibiotics

Answer 18

doxycycline
penicillin
clindamycin

Question 19

anthrax vaxx

dosage:
route:
# of doses:
booster doses:

Answer 19

of doses: 3 doses; day 0, 1 month, 6 months (not considered protected (booster doses needed))

dosage: 0.5 ml

route: IM

booster doses: 0.5ml at 6 months
after last dose then 12 months later and 1 year later
route: IM

Question 20

anthrax vaxx

Answer 20

• approved by FDA for adult 18-65y/o
• Given to lab workers who work with bacillus anthracis
  • Given to ppl handling infected animals or their carcasses
  • Given military personnel
  • NOT Given to travelers as prophylaxis