Antibiotic Classes

Question 1

B Lactams

Answer 1

​—Peptidoglycan cell wall

PENICILLINS, ampicillin, Flucloxacillin, Piperacillin

• C DIF
• High dose/ severe renal failure: Encephalopathy with fits
• +Glandular fever=MacPapRash

Question 2

Cephalosporin

Answer 2

—cell wall

as BLactams

1st Gen

• Cefalexin

2nd Gen

• Cefuroxime
• Cefaclor

3rd Gen

• Cefotaxime
• Ceftazidime

Question 3

Aminoglycoside

Answer 3

​irreversible to 30S

Gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin

• Ototoxic (deafness + vestibular dysfunction)
• Nephrotoxic
• CI Myathenia Gravis

SERUM concentrations need MONITORING

Question 4

Macrolide

Answer 4

​REversible to 50S

-Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, clindamycin

• Cholestatic jaundice (Erythromycin)
• Prolonged QTc
• p450 inhibitors

Question 5

Sulphonamides + Trimethoprim

Answer 5

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

Sulphamethoxazole, Trimethoprim

• Co-Trimoxazole (rare): Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Bone marrow suppression
• Folate deficiency

Question 6

Metronidazole + Tinidazole

Answer 6

​Metabolites –DNA (Nitroreductase)

• Metalic taste
• Disulfiram-like reaction (hangover-like)
• Long term;
  
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Transient epileptiform seizures
  • Leucopenia

Question 7

Quinilone examples

Answer 7

—-DNA synthesis

• Ciprofloxacin
• Norfloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• *CNS:** dizziness, headache, tremors
• *Tendon** pathology (stop)

Question 8

Tetracyclines

Answer 8

static: block tRNA

Tetracycline, doxycycline

• Hepatotoxic
• Impaired growth
• Tooth discoloration