Antibiotics

Question 1

Name aminopenicillins

Answer 1

amoxil,
Aumentin
ampicillin
Unasyn (amp/sulb)

Question 2

Resistant pathogens

Answer 2

klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL, CRE)
Escherichia coli (ESBL, CRE)
Acinetobacter baumannii
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium (VRE)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Kill Each And Every Strong Pathogens

Question 3

hydrophilic antibiotics

Answer 3

beta-lactams
aminoglycosides
vancomycin
dapto
polymxins

Question 4

hydrophilic antibiotics characteristics

Answer 4

1. small Vd - less tissue penetration
2. mostly renally eliminated - drug accumulation & SE can occur if not adjusted
3. poor bioavailability - IV:PO ratio is not 1:1
4. low intracellular concentrations - not active against atypicals

Question 5

lipophilic antibiotics

Answer 5

FQ
macrolides
rifampin
linezolid
tetracyclines

Question 6

lipophilic antibiotics characteristics

Answer 6

1. large Vd - better tissue penetration
2. mostly heptically metabolized - hepatotoxicity and DD interactions
3. higher intracellular concentrations - active against atypicals

Question 7

Antibiotics that are concentration dependent Cmax:MIC

Answer 7

aminoglycosides, FQ, dapto

Question 8

Goal and dosing strategies for ABX that is concentration dependent

Answer 8

high peak, (high killing)
low trough (low toxicity)
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval

Question 9

Antibiotics that are exposure dependent AUC:MIC

Answer 9

vanco
macrolides
tetracyclines
polymixins

Question 10

Goal and dosing strategies for ABX that is exposure dependent

Answer 10

exposure over time, dosing variable

Question 11

Antibiotics that are time dependent Time >MIC

Answer 11

beta-lactams

Question 12

Goal and dosing strategies for ABX that is time dependent

Answer 12

maintain drug level > MIC for most of the dosing interval
dosing: shorter dosing interval, extended or continuous infusions

Question 13

Natural PCN kill:

Answer 13

gram +, anaerobes (+)
NO: gram - or staph

Question 14

AminoPCN kill:

Answer 14

streptococci, enterococci and gram + anaerobes
gram -: haemophilus, neisseria, proteus and E. coli
Ampicillin kills: listeria

Question 15

Antistaph PCN kills:

Answer 15

MSSA: bone, joint, soft skin infections, endocarditis
NO: gram -, anaerobes, entercoccus

Question 16

Name Antistaph PCNs

Answer 16

nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin

Question 17

drugs that kill pseudomonas

Answer 17

zosyn (pip/tazo), ceftazidime (3rd gen), cefepime (4th gen), carbapenems, aztreonam, aminoglycosides

Question 18

PCN DDI

Answer 18

probenecid increase beta-lactams
PCN increase MTX
nafcillin and dicloxacillin inhibit warfarin

Question 19

1st generation cephalosporins

Answer 19

cefadroxil
cefazolin - surgery ppx
cephalexin

Question 20

2nd generation cephalosporins
2 furry fox drinking tea on the flor

Answer 20

cefoxitin
cefuroxime
cefaclor
cefoteatan

Question 21

3rd gen cephalosporins
you can tri taxing me but you wont get a dime

Answer 21

cefdinir, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime

Question 22

4th gen cephalosporins

Answer 22

cefepime

Question 23

5th generation

Answer 23

ceftaroline - MRSA

Question 24

ceftriaxone DDI

Answer 24

precipitates w/ Ca products
contraindicated in neonates
PO do not give with Ca products
cefotetan - disulfiram-like rxn with ETOH

Question 25

carbapenam monitoring/SE/safety

Answer 25

contraindicated in pts who had anaphylaxis with beta lactams, do not use in PCN allergy, sz risks, can decrease valproic acid, or if not renally adjusted

Question 26

Do not refrigerate

Answer 26

azithromycin, clarithromycin, FQ, linezolid, clindamycin, flagyl, bactrim, cefdinir, anti-fungals, acyclovir

Question 27

Do not take with food

Answer 27

azithromycin, FQ, bactrim, nitrofurantoin, isoniazid, rifampin

Question 28

Drugs that kill Vanco resistant entercoccus (VRE)

Answer 28

tetracyclines, linezolid, dapto,

Question 29

aminoglycoside SE

Answer 29

nephrotoxic, ototoxic

Question 30

Drugs that kill MRSA

Answer 30

ceftaroline tetracyclines linezolid dapto vanco tigecycline

Question 31

Linezolid DDI

Answer 31

do not use with or within 2 weeks of MAOI avoid tyramine foods avoid with serotonergic drugs use w/ caution w/ hypoglycemic drugs

Question 32

do not use nitrofurantoin

Answer 32

CrCl < 60 pregnancy at term hx of cholestatic G6PD deficiency

Question 33

Drugs that kill atypical

Answer 33

azithromycin clarithromycin doxy, minocin FQ

Question 34

Drugs that kill c. diff

Answer 34

vanco fidaxomicin (Difficid) metronidazole

Question 35

1:1 IV to oral

Answer 35

azithromycin, levo, moxi, linezolid, doxy, minocin, flagyl, bactrim, azoles

Question 36

compatible with dextrose only

Answer 36

bactrim, ampho B, pentamidine

Question 37

compatible with NS only

Answer 37

ampicillin, unasyn (amp/sulb), eratpenem (invanz)

Question 38

compatible w/ NS or LR

Answer 38

caspofungin (cancidas) dapto (cubicin)