Antibiotics Flashcards

Question

bacteriostatic

Answer 1

arrests growth and replication of bacteria

Answer 2

kills bacterial

Answer 3

``` cell wall synthesis cell membrane synthesis synthesis of 30S and 50S ribosome subunits nucleic acid metabolism fnx of topoisomerases folate synthesis ```

Answer 4

- reduced entry of antibiotic into pathogen - enhanced export of antibiotic by efflux pumps - release of microbial enzymes which destroy antibiotic - alteration of microbial proteins that transform pro-drugs to effective drugs - alteration of target proteins - development of alternative pathways to those inhibited by antibiotics

Answer 5

``` class and spectrum of microorganism it kills biochemical pathway it interferes with chemical structure ```

Answer 6

``` penicillins cephalosporins carbapenems monobactams glycopeptides ```

Answer 7

structural analogs of D-Ala-D-Ala | covalently bind penicillin-binding proteins inhibitin the last transpeptidation step in cell wall synthesis

Answer 8

structural differences in PBPs decreased PBP affinity for B-lactams inability for drug to reach site of action active efflux pumps drug destruction and inactivation by B-lactamases

Answer 9

highly effective against gram + cocci, but easily hydrolyzed by penicillinase

Answer 10

narrow spectrum | strep pneumoniae pneumonia and menigitis

Answer 11

strep pyogens, strep viridans (endocarditis), syphilis

Answer 12

penicllinase resistant thus agents of choice for staph aureus and staph epidermis that are not methicillin resistant

Answer 13

restricted to infections w/known staph sensitivity

Answer 14

extended-spectrum frequently administered w/b-lactamase inhibitor gram + and -

Answer 15

URI (S. pyogenes, S. pneumonia, H. influenza) sinusitis otitis media enterococcal infections

Answer 16

extends sepctrum to pseudomonas aeruginosa enterobacter proteus

Answer 17

``` serious gram - infections hospital acquired pneumonia immunocompromised bacteremia burn infections UTIs ```

Answer 18

``` allergic rxns anaphylaxis interstitial nephritis (rare) nausea, vomiting, mild-severe diarrhea pseusomembranous colitis ```

Answer 19

good gram + coverage | modest gram - (moraxella, E. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, P. mirabilis)

Answer 20

skin and soft tissue infections | surgical prophylaxis

Answer 21

somewhat increased activity against gram -, but less active then 3rd generation subset active against bacteroides fragilis

Answer 22

gram neg mixed anaerobic intra-abdominal infections PID diabetic foot infections

Answer 23

less active against gram + more against enterobacteriaceae resistance increasing

Answer 24

DOC for serious gram - infections (klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, providencia, serratia, Haemophilus) DOC for gonorrhea and sever Lyme, meningits

Answer 25

extends beyond 3rd gen psuedomnas

Answer 26

empirical Tx of nosocomial infections

Answer 27

1% cross-reactivity to penicllins diarrhea intolerance to alcohol

Answer 28

``` aerobic and anaerobic gram + enterobacteriaceae pesugomonas acinetobacter ```

Answer 29

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Answer 30

``` UTI LRTIs intra-abdominal gynocological SSTI bone joint ```

Answer 31

nausea/vomiting seizures hypersensativity

Answer 32

``` gram - enterobacteria pseudomonas H. influenza gonococci not against gram + or anaerobes ```

Answer 33

allergic to B-lactams

Answer 34

entended spectrum | most worrisome KPC carbapenemase rapidly emerging in enterobacteriaceae

Answer 35

Zn dependent enzymess destroys all B-lactams except aztreonam

Answer 36

active against cephalosporins

Answer 37

cloxacillin degrading enzymes

Answer 38

prevent destruction of B-lactam antibiotics, most active against plasmid encoded bB-lacamases, but inactive against chromosmal B-lactamase induced gram-

Answer 39

inhibits cell wall synthesis binding w/high affinity to D-ala-D-ala target to D-alaynl-D-lactate or D-ananyl-D-serine which binds glycopeptides poorly

Answer 40

broad gram + | S. aureus, S. epidermidis, strep, bacillus, corynebacterium, actinomuces, clostrdium

Answer 41

gram - | mycobacterium

Answer 42

``` osteomyelitis endocardits MRSA strep enterococci CNS infections bacteremia orally for clostridium difficle ```

Answer 43

``` macular skin rash, chills, fever, rash red-man syndrome (histamine release) extreme flushing tachycardia hypotension ototoxicity neprhotoxicity ```

Answer 44

concentration dependent targets bacterial DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV prevents relaxation of supercoils

Answer 45

mutation in genes encoding DNA gyrase or topisomerase IV | active transport out of cell

Answer 46

``` E. coli salmonella shigella enterobacter campylobacter neisseria pseudomonas S. aureus limited coverage of strep ```

Answer 47

``` UTI prostatitis STI travelers diarrhea shigelllosis bone and joint infections diabetic foot infection ```

Answer 48

``` GI CNS rash, photosensitive, Achilles tendon rupture CI in kids ```

Answer 49

aminoglycosides | tetracyclines

Answer 50

macrolides chloramphenicol clindamycin

Answer 51

concentration dependent binds 30S disrupts protein synthesis exhibit post antibiotic effect

Answer 52

AG metabolizing enzymes impaired transport of drug into cell altered ribosome

Answer 53

aerobic gram - bacteria | limited against gram + synergistic bactericidal effects in gram + w/cell wall active agent

Answer 54

``` UTI (not uncomplicated) used if resistant to other agents seriously ill pneumonia (Strep and anaerobes) HAP peritonitis synergy in bacterial endocarditis tobramycin inhalation in CF ```

Answer 55

ototoxicity nephrotoxicity neuromuscular block and apnea

Answer 56

bacteriostatic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30s prevents access of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor site on mRNA

Answer 57

``` decreased influx acquisition of energy dependent efflux ribosomal protection proteins enzymatic inactivation all stains of pseudomonas ```

Answer 58

``` wide range of aerobic and anerobic gram + and gram - rickettsia coxiella burnetii mycoplasma pneumoniae chlamydia legionella atypical mycobacterium plasmodium borrelia burgdorferi treponema pallidum ```

Answer 59

no proteus and providencia

Answer 60

``` CAP atypical CAP community acquired MRSA ance rickettsial infections Q fever anthrax ```

Answer 61

``` GI superinfections of C. difficile photosensitivity teeth discoloration thrombophlebits ```

Answer 62

bacteriostatic binds reversibly to 50s inhibits translocation

Answer 63

drug efflux ribosomal protection proteins hydrolysis ribosomal mutations

Answer 64

``` respiratory infections alternative of otitis media sinusitis bronchitis SSTIs pertussis gastroentertis H. pylori mycobacterium ```

Answer 65

CYP3A4 inhibition | prolongs effects of digoxin, warfarin

Answer 66

ribosomal methylation | all aerobic gram - bacillli

Answer 67

``` penumococci S. pyogens, viridans Streptococci MSSA anerobes (B. fragilis) ```

Answer 68

``` SSTIs necrotizing SSTIs lung abscesses anaerobic lung and pleural space infections topically for acne vulgaris ```

Answer 69

``` diarrhea pseudomembranous colitis skin rashes reversible increase in aminotransferase activity potentiate neuromuscular blockade ```

Answer 70

bactericidal, protein synthesis inhibitors, bind 50s

Answer 71

ribosomal methylase, acetyltransferase inactivation of dalfopristin

Answer 72

``` gram + cocci s. peumoniae beta and alpha hemolytic strep E. faecium coagulase + and - staph atypical organisms (m. pneumoniae, legionella c. pneumoniae) ```

Answer 73

vancomycin resistant E. faecium | complicated SSTI by MSSA or S. pyogenes

Answer 74

infusion related pain and phelbitis | arthralgia and myalgia

Answer 75

``` CYP3A4 inhibition anticovulsants macrolides some FQs antidepressents ```

Answer 76

inhibits protein synthesis | 50s

Answer 77

ribosomal mutation

Answer 78

gram + staph, strep, enterococci, anaerobic, gram + rods

Answer 79

VRE faecium nosocomial penumonia due to MSSA and MRSA CAP complicated and uncomplicated SSTI

Answer 80

myelosupression headache rash

Answer 81

weak nonspecific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase

Answer 82

polymyxins | lipopeptides

Answer 83

interacts w/phospholipids disrupts structure of cell membranes changes permeability

Answer 84

restricted to gram - | enterobacter, E. coli, klebsiella, salmonella, pasteurella, bordetella, shigella, P. aeruginosa, acinetobacter

Answer 85

proteus | serratia

Answer 86

topical, skin, mucous membranes, eye, ear, urinary bladder irrigation, ihalation

Answer 87

nephrotoxicity | mm weakness and apnea

Answer 88

binds bacterial membranes -> depolarization, loss of membrane potential -> cell death

Answer 89

may be due to changes in cell membrane charge

Answer 90

bacteriacideal concentration dependent active against aerobic faculagie and anaerobic gram +

Answer 91

complicated SSTIs complicated bacteremia right sided endocarditis

Answer 92

msk damage elevations in creatine kinase rare rhabdomyolysis

Answer 93

prodrug, requires reductive activation of nitro grps by susceptible organisms highly reactive nitro radical anions kill organsims by targeting DNA

Answer 94

decreased formation of nitro radicals

Answer 95

``` anaerobic cocci anaerobic gram - bacilli anaerobic spore forming gram + bacilli trichomoniasis amebiasis giardiasis helicobacter campylobacter ```

Answer 96

``` bacterial vaginosis amebic liver abscess anaerobic bacterial infections bones, joints, CNS C. difficile Chron's disease ```

Answer 97

HA, dry mouth, metallic taste vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distress disulfiram effect

Answer 98

induced meta of phenobarbital, prednisone, rifampin, warfarin

Answer 99

bacteriostatic, competitive inhibitors of dihyropteroate synthase prevents bacterial use of PABA for synthesis of folic acid

Answer 100

inhibition of microbial dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 101

lower enzyme affinity decrease permeability or active efflux alternative pathway or increased production of folic acid

Answer 102

``` UTI bacterial prostatitis bronchitis shigellosis travelers diarrhea salmonella pneumocystis jiroveci nocardia stenotrphomonas maltophilia DO NOT use in strep pharyngitis ```

Answer 103

``` allergic skin rashes nausea, vomiting CNS (HA and depression) photosensitivity renal dysfnx stevens-johnson syndrome ```

Answer 104

potentiated effects of warfarin

Answer 105

decomposes in water to formaldehyde

Answer 106

all bacterial

Answer 107

not primary drug for actue UTI

Answer 108

GI painful and frequent micturition albuminuria, hematuria rashes, low systemic toxicity at usual doses

Answer 109

highly reactive intermediates damage DNA | bacteria reduce drug more rapidly than mammalian cells

Answer 110

UTI | not recommended for pyleonephritis or prostatitis

Answer 111

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | course of therapy should not exceed 14 days

Answer 112

pregnant women impaired renal fnx < 1month

Antibiotics Flashcards

(138 cards)