1
Q
inhibits nucleic acid (RNA) synthesis with DDRP
A
Rifampin
2
Q
orange sweat
A
Rifampin
3
Q
inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
A
Isoniazid
4
Q
Isoniazid causes what kind of deficiency?
A
B6
5
Q
how does B6 deficiency present for izoniazid?
A
Seizures due to decreased GABA (B6 is needed for GABA synthesis)
6
Q
Knocks of fatty acid synthase
A
Pyrazinamide
7
Q
Most effective intracellular TB med
A
P
8
Q
SE of Pyrazinamide?
A
Gout
9
Q
Blocks cell wall synthesis
A
Ethambutol
10
Q
Ethambutol SE
A
red-green color blindness
11
Q
- Bind penicillin-binding proteins and blocks transpeptidase crosslinking
- Autolytic enzymes activates
- Resistance: altered PBPs or bacteria with production of beta-lactamases
A
Penicillin
12
Q
- Beta-lactam that inhibits cell wall synthesis
2. Less susceptaible to beta-lactamases
A
Cephalosporins
13
Q
afcillin, oxacillin, methicillin
A
Pen 2nd gen
14
Q
Piperacillin
A
4th gen pen
15
Q
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
A
3rd gen pen
16
Q
Cefazolin, Cephalexin
A
First gen cephalosporin
17
Q
1st gen cephalosporin tx?
A
PEK: proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella
18
Q
Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, cefoxitin
A
2nd gen cephalo
19
Q
2nd gen cephalo treatment?
A
HEN: Hemophilus, enterbacter, niesseria
20
Q
Ceftaroline
A
5th gen cephalo
21
Q
Ceftaroline treats?
A
MRSA
22
Q
Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
A
Carbapenems
23
Q
Imipenem taken with?
A
cilastatin
24
Q
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Synergistic with aminoglycosides
- No cross-allergy with penicillin
- Resistant to most beta-lactamases
A
Monobactams
25
30s inhibitors?
AT Aminoglycosides Tetracycline
26
50 s inhibitors
o C: Choramphenicol, Clindamycin
o E: Erythromycine
o L: Linezolid
27
1. Disrupts initiation complex and causes mRNA misreading
2. Aerobic gram-negative rods
3. Requires Oxygen
4. ALOe: Aminoglycosides, Loops, Ototoxicity
5. Nephrotoxic
6. Teratogen causes deafness
Aminoglycosides
28
1. Prevents attachment of aminoacyl t-RNA to A site on 30s
2. Doxycycline elimination via feces (Tx for lyme)
3. DO NOT take with divalent cations
4. Kids: causes teeth discoloration
5. Adults: photosensitivity
6. VACUUM The BedRoom (Vibrio, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Mycoplasma, Tularaemia, H. Pylori, Borrelia (Lyme), Rickettsia)
Tetracycline
29
1. Blocks Peptidyl transferase
2. Resistance: plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase
3. Causes aplastic anemia and grey baby syndrome
4. Treat meningitis bc cheap and very lipophilic and can penetrate BBB
Chloramphenicol
30
1. Blocks peptide bond formation
2. Anaerobix infection ABOVE diaphram (Below in metronidazole)
3. Lung abscesses or aspiration pneumo
4. Associated with C.diff infection
Clindamycin
31
1. Blocks translocation step (via binding to 23s rRNA of 50s subunit)
2. Tx for atypical pneumo
3. SE: QT prolongation and GI symptoms, cholestatic hepatitis
4. Inhibits p450 (bleeding tendencies in pts on warfarin)
Macrolides
32
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Macrolides
| DO NOT CONFUSE WITH aminoglycosides that also end in -mycin
33
Linezolid SE?
1. SE are HOT
2. H: High risk for serotonin syndrome
3. O: optic neuritis
4. T: Thrombocytopenia
34
Aminoglycosides mechanism
Disrupts the initiation complex and causes mRNA misreading
35
tetracycline mechanism?
prevents attachment of tRNA to A site on 30s
36
Chloramphenicol mechanism
Peptidyl transferase
37
Clindamycin mech
blocks peptide bond formation
38
Macrolides mech
Blocks translocation step (via binding of 23s rRNA)
39
1. Inhibits Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase)
2. Good oral bioavailablilty
3. Cannot take with antacids, dairy
4. SE: tendon rupture, cartalidge damage, leg cramps, myalgia
5. Resistance via chromosome mutation in DNA gyrase
Quinolones
40
1. Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors
2. Treat: UTIs, Nocardia, Chlamydia, gram negatives
3. SE: Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamides
41
1. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
2. Sulfa and Tri are bacteriostatic but together, BACTERICIDAL
3. Tx: PCP
4. SE: megaloblastic anemia, cytopenia
Trimethoprim
42
Rifamycin mech
inhibits DDRP
43
1. Toxic metabolites that damage DNA
2. GET GAP (Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella Vaginalis, Anaerobes, H. Pylori)
3. Anaerobes BELOW diaphragm. What ABOVE? clindamycin
Metranidazole
44
1. Creates membrane channels, resulting in depolarization and disruption of membrane potential
2. SE: Myopathy with increased CPK
3. Gram (+) bugs treatment
4. Pulmonary surfactant inhibits so can’t use with pneumo
Daptomycin
45
1. Inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan (D-ala-D-ala)
2. Tx for MRSA, Entercocci, C. diff
3. SE: Nephrotox, ototox, thrombo
4. RED MAN SYNDROME: diffuse flushing SE
5. Resistance: aa change of D-ala-D-ala
Vancomycin
46
1. Long hydrophobic tail, cationic, basic
2. Mechanism: acts at detergent and disrupts the osmotic properties
3. Rarely used because very high neurotoxicity, nephtotoxi
4. Found in THAYER-MARTIN medium (used to culture Neisseria)
Polymyxins
47
Which one is GRAM + vs GRAM -
positive is vancomycin and negative is polymyxin
48
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Sulfonamide, trimethoprim (Bactrim)
49
damages DNA
Metronidazole
50
Inhibits Topisomase II, IV
Quinolones
51
Gram - killing
monobactam, polymyxin, colistin, aminoglycosides, macrolidea
52
Gram + killing
Vanco, televancin, daptopmycin
53
Treats streptococci
Penicillin
54
Metallic taste
Metro
55
Gonorrhea treatment
Ceftriazone + azithromycin
56
Syphillis Tx
Penicillin
57
C. diff tx
Metro or vanco
58
MRSA treatment
Vanco, linezolid, clindamycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline
59
Teeth discoloration
Tetracycline
60
Cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial agent
Daptomycin
61
MDR bacteria treatment (very toxic!)
Polymyxin B/collistin
62
Steven johnson syndrome
Sulfonamide
63
Disulfiram reaction with alcohol
metronidazole
64
Tendon, cartilage damage, prolonged QT
Quinolones
65
Seizures
Penicillin, carbapenem
66
Redman's syndrome
Vancomycin
67
Drug-drug interaction (inhibits p450)
macolides
68
Causes C. diff
clindamycin
69
Apastic anemia
chloramphenicol
70
Megaloblastic anemia
sulfonamide, trimethoprim
71
Photosensitivity
Pyrazinamide
72
NO TO KIDS
Quinolones, tetra
73
Good bioavailability
Quinolones
74
Increases p450
Rifampin
75
Decreases p450 and causes B6 deficiency
Isoniazid
76
Always with cilastatin
Imipenem
77
Meningitis and gonorrhea
Ceftriazone
78
VRE and MRSA
Linezolid
79
B6 deficiency
Isoniazid
80
Acute cholestatis hepatits
Macrolides (Azithro, clarithro, erthyomycin)
81
Rapid resistance of used alone for TB
Rifampin
82
Thrombocytopenia
Linezolid
Microbiology
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