Antivirals

Question 1

Name some acute viruses

Answer 1

Influenza
Measles
Mumps
Hep A

Question 2

Name some chronic viruses

Answer 2

Latent with/without recurrences

Persistent- HIV, Hep B&C

Question 3

What are the constituents of a virus

Answer 3

• Nucleic acid DNA/RNA
• Protein coat
• +/- lipid envelope
• Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 4

How do viruses replicate?

Answer 4

1) Attach to cell
2) Cell entry
3) Virus uncoating
4) Early proteins produced-viral enzymes
5) Replication
6) Late transcription/translation-viral structural proteins
7) Virus assembly
8) Virus release

Question 5

Describe the virus life cycle

Answer 5

• Viruses take over much of host intracellular machinery
• All viruses encode unique proteins vital for virus replication & infectivity
• These unique proteins are targets for molecular inhibition

Question 6

Describe the changes made by polymerases and in which organisms?

Answer 6

• DNA to DNA (eukaryotes & DNA viruses)
• DNA to RNA (eukaryotes & DNA viruses)
• RNA to RNA (RNA viruses)
• RNA to DNA (Retroviruses-HIV, Hep B virus)

Question 7

What is AZT?

Answer 7

• Thymidine analogue- aka Zidovudine
• Anti-cancer drug
• Inhibit HIV replication
• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Question 8

What are the types of NRTIs?

Answer 8

• Pyrimidine analogues (Thymidine analogues, cytosine analogues such as AZT )
• Purine analogues (Adenine &Guanidine such as Abacavir, Tenofovir)

Question 9

What is HBV?

Answer 9

• Hepititis B virus
• contains reverse transcriptase enzyme
• Tenofovir, Lamividine

Question 10

Name some newer HIV drugs

Answer 10

• Fusion inhibitor
• Integrase inhibitors
• Chemokine receptor antagonists

Question 11

What is HAART?

Answer 11

• Highly active antiretroviral therapy
• Started when CD4 falls
• taken life long

Question 12

Name a type non-NRTI

Answer 12

• Not analogues of nucleosides-non competitive inhibitors
• Efeverinz
• Nevirapine

Question 13

What drug is commonly used to treat cytomegalovirus?

Answer 13

Ganciclovir

Question 14

Protease inhibitors

Answer 14

ends in navir

Question 15

Integrase inhibitors?

Answer 15

-Rategravir

Question 16

What can Acyclovir be used against?

Answer 16

• Herpes A

- HIV