Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power):
Many of them used religion/culture to help legitimize their power. They gained power through strong central governments, with many having strong militaries and gained power through expansion
Describe how land-based empires utilized military professionals to maintain power:
They used military professionals to help strengthen their rule, they made the empire stronger, and helped it expand.
Explain how land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power:
They used religion to help legitimize their power.Many leaders connected themselves to the religion(whether it was a connection to divinity or them being scholarly). This makes it much easier to win the support of those in the same religion as them and made people more in support of attacks against nations of other religions(safavid vs ottoman, crusades)
Explain how land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power
land empires used monumental architecture(palace of versailles, Qing imperial portraits) to show the riches of the empire. This makes the leader seem worthy of ruling because it shows the wealth the country has under his rule. It creates the image that the country is successful under his reign
How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power?
They used many forms of generating revenue to help expand their empire. Some implemented higher taxes which although made the empire richer, caused civil unrest and increased the chance of rebellion. Others used tributes, which if the empire was large enough could lead to massive economic gain and as long as the tributes weren’t too expensive, didn’t cause as many rebellions as high taxes.
Explain the Protestant Reformation:
The protestant reformation was a reformation of christianity made by Martin Luther in 1517. At first, Martin Luther nailed a list of 95 criticisms he had of the catholic church, but still considered himself catholic. It was only when this document was mass-printed and spread that he left catholicism and became lutheran(which he made). The protestant reformation also led to many people leaving the catholic church and becoming something else. The protestant reformation played a larges role in weakening the catholic church and split christianity
What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation?
Many nations left the Catholic church and thus stopped giving them things. There was a divide between catholics and protestants(wars and conflicts began). There was a counter-reformation (for catholicism) which changed many parts of the catholic church, there were catholic missionaries(jesuits) who went to areas such as china to spread catholicism.
How could you connect the events of the Protestant Reformation to later events such as the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment?
The Protestant revolution is similar to the later events because they both showed anger to current authority and wanted change to how their system was set up. However, while protestants looked to the past to improve their future, the later events didn’t.
Explain the Sunni and Shi’a split
A split right after the prophet(PBUH) died on who was the rightful leader(caliph) after him. Shias say the rightful leader after the prophet was Imam Ali(AS), while sunnis say the rightful leader was Abu Bakr(LA)
Why did this split intensify during the 1450-1750 time period?
The Shia and Sunni split began right after the prophet(PBUH) but was intensified during this time due to the safavids(Shia) and ottomans(sunni). These 2 nations had a large rivalry between each other because one was shia while the other was sunni. They had many wars against each other and the ottomans stopped the spread of Shia islam west while the Safavids stopped the spread of sunni islam into iran
Explain how Sikhism develop in relation to the Mughal Empire
Sikhism developed in South Asia as a mix between Hinduism and Islam, and although it was also in south asia and had parts of islam, it was not accepted by the Mughal empire. In fact, the ninth guru of sikhism was beheaded by the leader of the mughals at his time, Shah Aurangzeb.
