AP1 M 4 problem set

Question 1

1. What is the function of the flat bones?

Answer 1

Produce red blood cells; protection of internal organs (skull protects the brain).

Question 2

2. Describe the shape of a long bone and what its design allows.

Answer 2

Long and thin; designed to support body weight and enable movement

Question 3

3. Name the five basic bone shapes.

Answer 3

Long, flat, short, irregular, and sesamoid.

Question 4

4. What term best describes a hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air?

Answer 4

Sinus

Question 5

5. True or false: A sulcus is a raised ridge in bone.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

6. What division of the skeleton lies along the midline?

Answer 6

Axial

Question 7

7. True or false: Fontanelles are present in adults.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

8. What two bones of the cranium lie primarily within the skull?

Answer 8

The sphenoid and the ethmoid bones

Question 9

9. True or false: The frontal bone is a paired bone of the cranium.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

10. Which bone contains the foramen magnum?

Answer 10

The occipital bone

Question 11

12. Review bone landmarks on the occipital bone.

Answer 11

See figure in module

Question 11

11. What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?

Answer 11

The spinal cord passes to become the brain stem

Question 12

13. Sinusitis is an infection of the _______________.

Answer 12

Sinuses

Question 13

Label the landmarks of the skull in the figure below:

1,4,10,11

Answer 13

1- Mastoid foramen
4- Carotid canal
10- Carotid canal
11- External acoustic meatus

Question 14

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

Answer 14

The nasal conchae act to swirl the air as it is breathed in through the nasal passages, helping to warm and humidify the air before it enters the lower respiratory system.

Question 15

What are the only unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

Answer 15

The mandible and the vomer

Question 16

What bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate?

Answer 16

The maxilla

Question 17

Label all the bones of the cranium and facial skeleton.

Answer 17

See figures in module

Question 18

True or false: A typical spine is completely straight when standing vertically.

Answer 18

False (note the typical curvatures in a spinal column)

Question 19

True or false: The vertebral body is located anteriorly and can be palpated along the surface of the back.

Answer 19

False (located anteriorly, but the spinous processes are the structures that can be palpated along the surface of the back)

Question 20

The vertebrae fit together to protect the __________, located in the vertebral canal.

Answer 20

The spinal cord

Question 21

True or False: A typical thoracic vertebra has a bifid spinous process.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the purpose of transverse foramina in cervical spinal vertebrae?

Answer 22

Passage of vertebral arteries and veins

Question 23

What region of the spine contains costal facets?

Answer 23

Thoracic

Question 24

What is the purpose of costal facets?

Answer 24

Articulations with ribs

Question 25

The line along the midline of the sacrum is called the

Answer 25

Median sacral crest.

Question 25

Which region of the spine has the largest vertebral bodies?

Answer 25

Lumbar

Question 26

True or False: Ribs 11 and 12 have no posterior attachment to the thoracic vertebrae.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Why is the glenohumeral joint prone to dislocation?

Answer 27

The glenoid cavity is very shallow and much smaller than the head of the humerus. The humerus needs to be held to the shallow glenoid cavity by the rotator cuff muscles and other ligaments

Question 27

True or false: Anteriorly, the clavicle connects to the scapula.

Answer 27

False

Question 27

True or false: The medial border of the scapula connects directly to the neck of the scapula.

Answer 27

False

Question 27

True or false: The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior side of the scapula.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Review scapular bone landmarks.

Answer 28

See figures in module

Question 29

The capitulum articulates with a small portion of the ______________.

Answer 29

Radius

Question 30

True or false: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the prominent bone that can be palpated in the elbow posteriorly?

Answer 31

Ulna

Question 31

Review humerus bone landmarks.

Answer 31

See figures in module of the humerus.

Question 32

What structures connects the ulna and radius along their shafts?

Answer 32

Interosseous membrane

Question 33

Review ulna and radius bone landmarks.

Answer 33

See figures in module

Question 34

Name the four bones of the distal row of carpal bones.

Answer 34

The distal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Question 35

Review all bones of the hand.

Answer 35

See figures in module of the hand.

Question 36

What bone is highlighted in the figure? (Left hand)

Answer 36

Capitate

Question 36

Do the carpal bones of the hand articulate with the metacarpals or proximal phalanges?

Answer 36

The metacarpals

Question 37

The coxal bones are connected posteriorly to the ________________.

Answer 37

The sacrum

Question 38

The superior most region on the ilium is called the _______________.

Answer 38

Iliac crest

Question 39

The ASIS is a bone landmark on what bone?

Answer 39

Ilium

Question 40

What bone landmark is highlighted in orange (center) in the figure below?

Answer 40

Iliac fossa

Question 41

Review all bone landmarks of the coxal bones.

Answer 41

See figures in module

Question 42

What are the main differences in the male and female pelvic shapes? Why?

Answer 42

The pubic arch is wider in females than in males. The pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet is shaped more like a circle in males and an oval in females. These differences are to accommodate childbearing

Question 43

True or false: The intertrochanteric crest articulates with the acetabulum.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

What bone landmark is highlighted in blue, along the center portion of the shaft?

Answer 44

Linea aspera

Question 45

Review all bone landmarks of the femur.

Answer 45

See figure of the femur in module.

Question 46

What bone lies anteriorly to the femur?

Answer 46

Patella

Question 47

The medial malleolus of the ankle is a part of what bone?

Answer 47

Tibia

Question 48

Review bone landmarks of the tibia and fibula.

Answer 48

See figures in module.

Question 49

What bone of the foot is highlighted in blue below (left)?

Answer 49

Navicular

Question 50

Review bones of the foot.

Answer 50

See figure in module

Question 51

Name and describe the function of the contents of the medullary cavity of bone.

Answer 51

Yellow bone marrow is a fat storage tissue found mainly in long bones. Red bone marrow is found primarily in short and flat bones, primarily to produce red blood cells.

Question 52

The center length of a long bone is called the _______________.

Answer 52

Diaphysis

Question 53

This special type of cartilage is found at joint articulations.

Answer 53

articular cartilage

Question 54

Which type of bone is lighter: Spongy or compact?

Answer 54

Spongy bone

Question 55

Which type of bone is usually found on the external surface of bone: Spongy or compact?

Answer 55

Compact

Question 56

Which type of bone cell is responsible for removing worn bone cells?

Answer 56

Osteoclasts

Question 57

True or false: Only children require calcium in their diet to promote the work of building bone.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

True or false: Endochondral ossification is the ossification of long bones from hyaline cartilage.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the formation of flat bones from connective tissue.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

This type of fracture occurs when one end of the bone is pushed inside the other.

Answer 60

Impacted

Question 61

This type of arthritis causes the synovial membrane to become inflamed.

Answer 61

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 62

What type of joint is immovable: Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial?

Answer 62

Fibrous joints

Question 63

Synovial joints produce what type of fluid?

Answer 63

Synovial fluid

Question 64

The thumb has this type of synovial joint to allow the thumb to cross over the palm.

Answer 64

Saddle joint

Question 65

The clavicle connects posteriorly to the scapula via what ligament?

Answer 65

Acromioclavicular ligament

Question 66

Review all shoulder ligaments

Answer 66

See figure in module

Question 67

The ____________ ligament attaches the femur to the ilium.

Answer 67

The iliofemoral ligament

Question 68

What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below?

Answer 68

Iliolumbar ligament (left and right)

Question 69

Review all pelvic ligaments.

Answer 69

See figure in module

Question 70

The abbreviation PCL stands for ___________________.

Answer 70

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 71

What is highlighted in blue in the figure below? (posterior view)

Answer 71

Lateral meniscus

Question 72

Review all ligaments of the knee.

Answer 72

See figure in module.

Question 73

This ligament connects the anterior vertebral bodies.

Answer 73

Anterior longitudinal ligament.

Question 74

What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below?

Answer 74

Supraspinous ligament

Question 75

Why can a herniated disc be painful?

Answer 75

Pain results when the damaged disk presses against the spinal cord or the spinal nerves.

Question 76

Review all spinal ligaments.

Answer 76

See figure in module.