aphg unit 5

Question 1

What is the First Agricultural Revolution known for?

Answer 1

Domestication of plants & animals (10,000 years ago)

This revolution marked the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming.

Question 2

What improvements characterized the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 2

1700s improvements like crop rotation & machinery

This period saw significant advancements in agricultural practices.

Question 3

What is the Third Agricultural Revolution also known as?

Answer 3

Green Revolution

This revolution involved technology such as fertilizers, pesticides, and hybrid seeds in the 1900s.

Question 4

Define Plant Domestication.

Answer 4

Growing plants for human use

This process is essential for agriculture.

Question 5

Define Animal Domestication.

Answer 5

Taming animals for food/work

This practice has been crucial for human development.

Question 6

What is a Root Crop?

Answer 6

Grown underground (potatoes)

These crops are typically harvested from the soil.

Question 7

What is a Seed Crop?

Answer 7

Grown for edible seeds (wheat, rice)

These crops are cultivated primarily for their seeds.

Question 8

What is Subsistence Agriculture?

Answer 8

Farming to feed yourself

This type of agriculture focuses on self-sufficiency.

Question 9

What is Commercial Agriculture?

Answer 9

Farming to sell for profit

This type of agriculture is oriented towards market sales.

Question 10

Define Shifting Cultivation.

Answer 10

Clearing land, farming it, then moving

This method involves rotating fields to maintain soil fertility.

Question 11

What does Slash-and-Burn Agriculture entail?

Answer 11

Burning vegetation to clear fields

This technique is often used in tropical regions.

Question 12

What is Pastoral Nomadism?

Answer 12

Moving livestock seasonally

This practice is common among nomadic herders.

Question 13

What is Livestock Ranching?

Answer 13

Raising animals on large land areas

This type of agriculture is prevalent in extensive land regions.

Question 14

Define Plantation Agriculture.

Answer 14

Basically monocropping and cash crops

This system often relies on labor-intensive practices.

Question 15

What is Market Gardening?

Answer 15

Growing fruits/vegetables near cities

This practice focuses on supplying local markets.

Question 16

What is Factory Farming (CAFO)?

Answer 16

Large industrial animal farming

This method emphasizes high-volume production.

Question 17

Define Aquaculture.

Answer 17

Farming fish/seafood

This practice is essential for meeting global seafood demand.

Question 18

What is Monoculture?

Answer 18

Growing one crop in a large area

This practice can lead to soil depletion.

Question 19

What does Monocropping mean?

Answer 19

Replanting same crop repeatedly

This method can increase vulnerability to pests.

Question 20

Define Intensive Agriculture.

Answer 20

Small land, high labor, high yield

This approach maximizes output per unit area.

Question 21

What is Extensive Agriculture?

Answer 21

Large land, low labor per acre

This method typically yields lower outputs per area.

Question 22

What is Terrace Farming?

Answer 22

Farming on steps cut into hills

This technique is used to prevent soil erosion.

Question 23

What is Irrigation?

Answer 23

Artificial watering

This practice is crucial for crop production in arid regions.

Question 24

What is Center Pivot Irrigation?

Answer 24

Circular irrigation system

This method is efficient for large-scale farming.

Question 25

Define **Organic Farming**.

Answer 25

No synthetic chemicals ## Footnote This practice focuses on sustainable agriculture.

Question 26

What is **Value-Added Farming**?

Answer 26

Increasing product value (milk → cheese) ## Footnote This approach enhances profitability.

Question 27

What is **Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)**?

Answer 27

People buy shares of a farm’s harvest ## Footnote This model fosters a direct connection between farmers and consumers.

Question 28

What is a **Cadastral System**?

Answer 28

System of land ownership boundaries ## Footnote This system is essential for property rights.

Question 29

What is the **Township-and-Range System**?

Answer 29

U.S. grid land system ## Footnote This system organizes land into townships and ranges.

Question 30

Define **Metes and Bounds Survey**.

Answer 30

Uses landmarks to define property ## Footnote This method is often used in irregularly shaped parcels.

Question 31

What is a **Long-Lot Survey**?

Answer 31

Long narrow farms along rivers ## Footnote This system maximizes access to water resources.

Question 32

What is **Primogeniture**?

Answer 32

Eldest son inherits land ## Footnote This practice can affect land distribution.

Question 33

What does the **Von Thünen Model** explain?

Answer 33

Farming changes based on distance from market (market - dairy/gardening - forest - wheat - livestock) ## Footnote This model illustrates land use patterns.

Question 34

What is **Bid Rent Theory**?

Answer 34

Closer land = more expensive ## Footnote This theory explains land value in relation to distance from urban centers.

Question 35

What is a **Cash Crop**?

Answer 35

Crop grown to sell ## Footnote This type of crop is cultivated primarily for profit.

Question 36

Define **Luxury Crop**.

Answer 36

Expensive crop (coffee, tea) ## Footnote These crops are often grown for high-value markets.

Question 37

What is a **Cartel**?

Answer 37

Group controlling supply & price ## Footnote This organization can manipulate market conditions.

Question 38

What is **Agribusiness**?

Answer 38

Large-scale corporate farming ## Footnote This sector plays a significant role in the economy.

Question 39

What are **Economies of Scale**?

Answer 39

A business or farm produces more, and the cost per unit goes down. ## Footnote This principle is crucial for large-scale operations.

Question 40

Define **Commodity Chain**.

Answer 40

Steps from farm to consumer ## Footnote This concept outlines the production and distribution process.

Question 41

What is **Comparative Advantage**?

Answer 41

Producing what you’re best at ## Footnote This principle encourages specialization in trade.

Question 42

What are **Subsidies**?

Answer 42

Government money supporting farmers ## Footnote These financial aids can stabilize agricultural markets.

Question 43

What is the **Fair Trade Movement**?

Answer 43

Paying farmers fair wages ## Footnote This movement aims to promote equitable trade practices.

Question 44

Define **Food Desert**.

Answer 44

Area lacking fresh food access ## Footnote This issue affects many urban and rural communities.