APO

Question 1

presentation of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

Answer 1

rapid onset severe dyspnea as well as tachypnoea and tachycardia
other features may include poor peripheral perfusion (ashen colour, sweaty, cool peripheries and reduced capillary return), agitation and restlessness, and widespread lung crackles

Question 2

initial treatment of APO in perihospital setting

Answer 2

arrange urgent transport by ambulance with the patient sitting upright
administer furosemide plus high flow oxygen if sats are <92%
consider adding glyceryl trinitrate if the response is not adequate