Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

(20 cards)

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1
Q

Clavicle (collarbone) *4 Details

A
  • slender “S” shaped bones
  • articulates with acromian process of scapula laterally and with clavicular notch of manubrium medially
  • thus a sternal end and acromial end (extremely)
  • most frequently fractured bone in the body.
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2
Q

Scapulae *Where, 11 Parts

A
  • triangular flat bone on dorsal side of body (scapula = 1)
    spine - posterior ridge separating muscle groups
    body
    acromion
    glenoid cavity - articulates with head of humerus
    medial or vertebral border
    lateral or axillary border
    inferior angle
    superior border
    coracoid process - art.
    supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossae
    subscapularis fossa - “articulates” with ribs (sides on them)
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3
Q

Humerus (What, Where, 14 parts)

A
  • longest and largest bone of upper extremity (upper arm bone)
    head
    anatomical neck
    greater tubercle
    intertubercular sulcus - between the tubercles
    surgical neck - site of frequent fracture
    body or shaft
    deltoid tuberosity
    capitulum - site of articulation with radius
    radial fossa - depression that receives head of radius in flexed position
    trochlea
    coronoid fossa - (anterior) - depression for ulna (flexed)
    olecranon fossa - (posterior) - depression for ulna (straight)
    medial and lateral epicondyles
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4
Q

Ulna (Where, 7 parts)

A
  • medial bone of forearm (little finger side)
    olecranon process
    coronoid process
    trochlear notch (semi lunar)
    radial notch - depression located laterally and inferiorly to trochlear notch
    head - distal end
    styloid process
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5
Q

Radius (Where, 4 parts)

A 
- lateral bone of forearm (thumb side)
head - proximal end
radial tuberosity
ulnar notch - distal medial notch articulating with ulna
styloid process
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6
Q

Carpus (How many, Where, Order)

A 
- 8 small bones of wrist (in 2 rows)
the order: look at right hand with palm facing  you.  Moving from ulnar to radial side across the proximal row and then back radial to ulnar side across the distal row: counter clockwise:
			Pisiform. . .Praise
			Triquetral. . . The
			Lunate. . .Lord
			Scaphoid . . .Say
			Trapezium. . .Those
			Trapazoid. . .Terrific
			Capitate. . .Christian
			Hamate. . .Hymms
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7
Q

Metacarpus (how many, where)

A
  • consists of 5 metacarpal bones

- numbered from lateral to medial (thumb to little finger on each hand)

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8
Q

Phalanges *Fingers (How many, Names)

A
  • all have 3 except thumb
  • only 2 - called pollux
  • Distal, Middle, Proximal
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9
Q

Pelvic Girdle (4 details)

A

A. consists of 2 coxal bones
(also called pelvic, innominate, os coxa, or hip bones)
B. Sacrum - coxal bones united posteriorly by the sacrum and 2 sacroiliac joints
C. united anteriorly by pubic symphysis
D. together these bones and joints form basin-like structure called the pelvis

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10
Q

Pelvic Girdle (can be further divided into 2 parts)

A
  1. false pelvis or greater pelvis
    - expanded superior portion
    - forms lower part of abdominal cavity
    - bordered laterally by 2 ilia and posteriorly by superior part of sacrum, anteriorly by abdominal wall.
    - functions to support abdominal contents, during later stages of pregnancy supports uterus - in early stage of labor helps guide fetus into true pelvis.
  2. true pelvis or lesser pelvis - birth canal
    - separated from false pelvis by pelvic brim
    - formed by parts of ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx
    - superior opening = pelvic inlet
    - inferior opening = pelvic outlet
    - functions to protect most distal portions of G.I. and urinary tracts and internal organs of reproduction
    - Pelvimetry - measurement of birth canal (inlet and outlet)
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11
Q

Coxal Bones (What, 3 details)

A

(Hip bones, Os Coxae, Innominate bones, Pelvic bones, etc.)

  1. make up anterior and lateral sides of pelvic girdle
  2. composed actually of 3 bones which fuse into 1 bone at about puberty
  3. area where 3 bones come together is at the base of a deep depression called the acetabulum - this is on the lateral side of pelvis - articulates with the head of the femur - (the “socket” of the “ball and socket” type joint).
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12
Q

3 components of Coxal Bones

A

a. Ilium - superior portion of coxal bone
- largest of 3
- superior border - iliac crest
- anterior superior iliac spine
- posterior superior iliac spine
- greater sciatic notch
- iliac fossa- internal surface of ilium
- auricular surface - articulates with sacrum

b. Ischium - inferior posterior portion of coxal bone
- ischial spine - between greater and lesser sciatic notches
- lesser sciatic notch
- ischial tuberosity
- ramus of the ischium
- obturator foramen

c. Pubis - anterior inferior portion of coxal bone
- superior ramus
- inferior ramus
- body
- symphysis pubis

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13
Q

Femur (thigh bone) *8 Details

A

A. longest, strongest, heaviest bone in body
B. articulates proximally with acetabulum of coxal bone and distally with the tibia.
C. head - proximal rounded portion articulating with acetabulum
- contains small depression called fovea capitus which is a point of attachment for ligament of the head and also receives part of the blood supply of the head.
D. neck - constricted portion connecting head to shaft
- common site of fracture in the elderly
E. greater and lesser trochanters - large eminences for muscle attachment - connected anteriorly by the intertrochanteric line and posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest.
F. shaft - general anterior and medial convexity
- linea aspera - posterior ridge for muscle attachment
G. medial and lateral condyles - articulate with tibia
- intercondylar fossa - depressed area between condyles
- patellar surface - anterior surface between condyles
H. medial and lateral epicondyles - superior and lateral to condyles

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14
Q

Patella (Where, 2 details)

A

A. small triangular bone anterior to the knee joint
B. develops in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle
- thus a “sesamoid bone”

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15
Q

Tibia (Where, 6 details)

A

A. large medial bone of leg
B. articulates with condyles of femur proximally and fibula
C. articulates with talus distally and fibula
D. proximal end is expanded to form medial and lateral condyles
- these articulate with condyles of the femur
- separated by small projection - intercondylar eminence
- tibial tuberosity
E. distal end is prolonged distally and medially to form medial malleolus
F. distal lateral side has site for articulation with fibula called fibular notch
G. Shaft is triangular in cross section

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16
Q

Fibula (Where, 4 details)

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A

A. slender bone of leg running parallel and lateral to tibia
B. articulates proximally with lateral condyle of tibia
C. articulates distally with the talus and fibular notch of tibia
D. head - expanded upper end
E. lateral malleolus - distal projection

17
Q

Tarsus (What/Where, 5 parts)

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A
  • collective designation for 7 bones of the ankle region
    A. Calcaneus - largest bone of tarsus
  • receives about 50% of body weight when standing
  • articulates with the cuboid, and talus bones
  • forms the prominence of the heel
    B. Talus -transmits the body’s entire weight to the foot
  • articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula
  • articulates inferiorly with the calcaneous
  • articulates anteriorly with the navicular
    C. Navicular - directly anterior to talus
  • can be felt on medial side of foot - directly anterior to the medial malleolus
    D. Cuboid - proximal to 4th and 5th metatarsal
    E. Cuneiforms (1st, 2nd and 3rd) posterior to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal
  • just anterior to the navicular
  • numbered medial to lateral
18
Q

Metatarsus (Where, How Many, What it has)

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A

(On foot extends to toes)

  • 5 metatarsal bones numbered I to V, medial to lateral
  • each metatarsal has a base, a shaft, and a head
    (proximal) (distal)
19
Q

Phalanges *Toe (2 details)

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A
  • each digit has 3 except the first - the Great Toe or Big toe is known as the Hallux, and only has 2 phalanges
  • each phalange - like the metatarsals - has a base, shaft, and head
20
Q

Arches of the foot (How many, What are they)

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A
  • longitudinal arch (two parts)
    1. medial - calcaneous - talus - navicular - cuneiforms - metatarsals (medial 3)
    2. lateral - calcaneous - cuboid - metatarsals (lateral 2)
  • transverse arch
  • formed by calcaneous, navicular, cuboid, and posterior portions of the metatarsals.
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