What was the most common way to tackle disruptive behaviour in children before the 1960s?
Behavioural parenting interventions
What happened in the case of rusty? - Boardman 1962
Parents wanted help for their sons disruptive behaviours such as climbing on roof, playing w matches, being oppositional
Boardman had an idea of working w parents to help them manage rusty’s behaviour and change how they responded to the behaviour - led to a reduction in disruptive behaviour
This empowers & ‘upskills’ parents to manage their child’s behaviour - builds parental confidence - they become agents of change for their children
Coercive process theory - patterson & reid 1970
1.Parent issues child with a demand
2. Child engages in challenging behaviour
3. Parent removes demand
4. Child behaviour is -vly reinforced
5. Parent issues child w a demand
6. Child engages in challenging behaviour
7. Parents persist
8 Child behaviour escalates
9. Parent responds w harsh discipline & removes task
10. Via social learning child also learns that harsh
discipline may be an effective way to deal w conflict
11. Child engages in challenging behavior w teacher &
peers
Why is the child’s behaviour strengthened & the chances of them doing it again increased?
Because the behaviour is negatively reinforced
Via the coercive process how does behaviour become a -ve behaviour cycle?
Child = will start at a young age and happen w multiple interactions of -ve reinforcement
- behaviours may then start to generalise into another setting w yeachers, peers
How is the -ve behaviour cycle reinforced?
A psychologist whi is intervening = to try and disrupt process, so the cycle = broken = where we see real change for the child
Parental programmes = reccomended when?
As the first line of treatment approach for children showing oppositionla and externalising behaviouts e.g. a children w diagnoses of oppositional defiant or adhd
How does triple p parenting enhance family protective factors and reduce risk factors?
- encourages +ve interactions between parents & children e.g. games, songs, activities
- teaches parents an alternative rather than coercive parent behaviours e..g time out, planned ignoring, child not recieving enough reinforcement
- +ve reinforcement of adaptive behaviour e.g token economy = star reward chart so gets a reward at the end of the week
What is triple p parenting programme?
Aims to treat (prevent also) behavioural problems in young children & enhances family protective factors & reduce risk factors
Why are parenting programmes goof?
Because behaviours often emerge in very young vchildren so = difficult to sit down w them themselves = children may not have the cog skills to recognise / understand their own emotions - so the parents become co therapists & agents of change as they = too involved w their children
How many sessions in the triple p parenting programme is there?
10
What is enhanced triple p
= has more learning outcomes/modules for families who have additional risk factors/ adversity e.g parents separation
= communication to help parents communicate and manage the impact of seperation in their child
Does triple p work?
in research, can assess the effects of interventions using randomised controlled trials RCTs = a gold standard way to assess wether interventions is effective
Bor, sanders & markie-dadds 2002 - what was the aim?
To compare effectivness of enhanced triple p, standard triple p and no treatment control (waitlist control)
Bor, sanders & markie-dadds 2002 - what was the methods?
87 families of children aged 3 w elevated levels of disruptive behaviour and symptoms of inattention / hyperactivity, randomised to diff treatment conditions = assessed at baseline, post intervention and long term follow up (one year)
Bor, sanders & markie-dadds 2002 - what was the results?
Both standard and enhanced intervations led to reductions in parent-reported behaviour problems compared to control group, enhanced triple p also led to reductions in observed -ve child behaviour
Bor, sanders & markie-dadds 2002 - what was the conclusion?
Both standard & enhanched triple p are effective interventions for disruptive child behaviours
What is a meta analysis?
- Most reliable evidence base for clinical practice and research
- Calculate an overall effect using data from existing data
A meta-analysis of the triple p parenting programme - sanders et al 2014
- Combined data from 101 studies (62 RCTs) that have explored the effectiveness of triple p parenting programme
- Studies shows all levels of triple p = eeffective for child behaviour problems (internalising & externalising)
- Smaller effect sizes when looking at observed child behaviour compared to parent-report
- Triple p is also effective for parenting practices, parenting satisfaction, parenting efficacy
What happens as children get older?
- Interventions may not be so parent-focused as children get older e.g. triple p using for younger children
- Child variables are important but = so are wider societal factors such as peers and wider community influences
- Multi-systematic therapy for older children - addresses multiple risk fsctors
- Older children may also be access cog beh techq for emotion regulation - developing awareness of their emotions
What is The New Forest Parenting Programme for Children w ADHD
- a specialised intervention for parents of young children w adhd
- build on approaches used in trad beh parenting interventions
What does N.F.P.P do?
- targets parent-child processes involved in the development of attention and self-organising skills
—> gives child the skill regulate more effectively in diff situations - children w adhd have difficulty maintaining their attention on day to day tasks - programme helps parents to come up w ways to help children complete day to day tasks
How long are the N.F.P.P sessions/
8 sessions - 1hr each
Children w ADHD may have problems with what?
STM
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What is an intervention?27
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Stigma30
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Promotion of Mental Health46
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Clinical Psychology Interventions in Child and Adolescents Mental Health48
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Applied parent interventions60
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individual level health psych interventions16
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Group level health psych interbentions18
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Process evaluation3
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Interventions for children and young people in the 'real-world'40
