Approach Procedures

Question 1

Normal Visual Approach & Landing

Answer 1

1. Complete the “Approach Checklist” before entering the airport traffic
   pattern; devote full attention to aircraft control and traffic avoidance.
2. Slow to 90 KIAS prior to entering downwind or traffic pattern.
3. Enter traffic pattern at published TPA (typically 1,000’ AGL).
4. Complete the “Before Landing Checklist” when abeam the
   touchdown point.
5. When abeam touchdown point, on extended base, or on extended
   final (when ready to descend out of pattern altitude): Complete the
   Before Landing Checklist. Reduce power and select flaps 25°.
6. Descend out of TPA at 70-80 KIAS.
7. On base leg, slow to and trim for 70 KIAS.
8. Maintain 70 KIAS until short final when landing is assured, then slow to
   66 KIAS until the roundout.

Question 2

28 • Arrival Procedures

Short-Field Approach & Landing

Answer 2

Steps 1-7 are identical to a normal approach and landing procedure.

8. Select flaps 40° and slow to 66 KIAS on final when landing is assured.
9. Close throttle slowly during flare – touch down on intended
   touchdown point with little or no floating.
10. Prevent nosewheel from slamming onto the runway.
11. Retract the flaps after touchdown.
12. Simulate and announce “Max Braking” for training and checkride

Question 3

Soft-Field Approach & Landing

Answer 3

Steps 1-7 are identical to a normal approach and landing procedure.

8. On short final when landing is assured, select flaps 40° and slow to 66
   KIAS.
9. Fly the airplane onto the ground, slowly transferring the weight from
   the wings to the main landing gear.
10. Touch down on intended touchdown point at minimum speed with a
    nose-high pitch attitude.
11. Keep the nosewheel off the ground as airplane slows by increasing
    elevator pressure.
12. Prevent nosewheel from rapidly falling by maintaining aft elevator
    pressure.

Question 4

Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing

Answer 4

Steps 1-4 are identical to a normal approach and landing procedure.

5. Fly parallel to the runway, correcting for crosswind, at a distance that
   aligns the runway with the wingtip.
6. When abeam runway end, smoothly reduce power to idle.
7. Maintain altitude while slowing to 80 KIAS, then descend out of TPA.
8. At approximately 10% below TPA (100 feet, for the standard 1,000’ TPA),
   turn base.
9. Begin evaluating distance from runway and wind conditions. Dissipate
   energy by:
   A. Squaring the base-to-final turn / lengthening the ground track.
   B. Increasing the flap setting.
   C. Slipping the aircraft.
10. Aim to be aligned with the runway by around 400’ to 500’ AGL.
    Stronger headwinds on final will require this to occur closer to the
    runway.
11. On final, maintain a constant descent angle (which will be steeper than
    for a power-on approach) to the aiming point, and an appropriate
    speed based on the flap setting:
    A. 0°: 80 KIAS.
    B. 10° to 40°: 75 KIAS.
12. When landing is assured, slow to 66 KIAS until 10’ to 20’ above the
    runway.
    A. Because the descent rate is higher than with power, begin the
    roundout slightly earlier to avoid hard landings.