What are two key points to remember with the origins of the cognitive approach?
- Gestalt Psychology - examines how elements of experience are organised into wholes
- Instead of breaking down into elements ‘the whole is greater than the sum of its parts’
What does social constructivism mean and this is under the modern cognitive approach?
Social constructivism - what we consider “reality” is really our own mental creation
What are some key points to remember about the Psychodynamic approach?
- One way psychodynamic therapists can understand the patients unconscious is through FREE ASSOCIATION which is used to understand unconscious motives , this is where patients express anything that comes to mind
- Jung extended Freud’s ideas where he stated that freud missed out the importance of introversion and extroversion
- Remember it is called the psychoDYNAMIC approach as DYNAMIC refers to ongoing and constant conflict drives
What does Functionalism mean?
Functionalism - psychology should study the functions of consciousness rather than it’ structure, focused on How and Why, still looks at the unconscious but not in specific structures like Wundt believed - developed by James
What is the Law of effect and who proposed it?
(comes under the behavioural perspective)
- Proposed by Thorndike
Law of effect = Positive consequences will increase the likelihood of a behaviour and vise versa
In essence the same as operant conditioning
What is meant by the terms ontogenetic and phylogenetic explanations?
Ontogenetic -the study of the psychological aspects of the biological development of the individual as opposed to that of the species
Phylogenetic -
Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities
