What are some implications to the Waterfall method?
- Linear
- Predictive
- Frozen requirements
- No iteration
What are some implications to the SDLC method?
- Inflexible
- Users still need to know what they want upfront (dissatisfaction)
- Lots of documentation needed
- Backlogs of work
- Little participation of user
- Missed targets
What are the two Structured Approaches?
- Process Oriented Approach
- Data Oriented Approach
What is Structured Approach?
Applying structured programming approaches to development
- Breaking down processes into smaller processes
- Problem: Processes change frequently
- Solution: Look at the data, its attributes, and its relationships
What is Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM)?
- A very detailed and prescriptive method
- System is made up of modules, which is made up of stages, which is made up of steps, which is made up of tasks
- Too prescriptive
- Developers are too focused on following the method slowing system creation
What is the Spiral Model?
- Iterative process
- Risk analysis is key, is the project going in the right direction
- Can use any sort of engineering that works for the project
What is meant by Socio-Technical Approaches?
- Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer Systems (ETHICS)
- The aim is to develop ethically
- Focuses on being ‘participative’
- Design team made up of users and developers
What is Soft Systems Method?
- Consider real world situations to design effective solutions
- ‘Soft problems’
- Considers multiple viewpoints
- Can be combined with other methods
What is prototyping?
- Allows for active participation
- Encourages testing ideas in the early stages
- Gives the opportunity to improve
- Reduces uncertainty and risk
- At the time, not well accepted: Very hard to control/predict, reluctance to share unfinished work
What is Object Oriented Approach?
- A unified approach
- Sees the world as interacting objects: Each phase is overlapping
- Creation of sets of diagrams (UML) to design the systems, that are then used in construction
- Encourages object reuse
What is Unified Process?
- A framework of software development
- Lots of different phases, each with overlap
- No stage can be completed independently
What are the four values of Agile Manifesto?
- Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
- Working software over comprehensive documentation
- Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
- Responding to change over following a plan
What are 3 Agile principles?
- Satisfy customer through early and continuous delivery
- Welcome changing requirements
- Deliver working software frequently
What are 4 advantages of Agile?
- Greater customer satisfaction
- Greater chance of project success
- System likely to be higher quality
- Impact of changes and risks not as severe
What are 4 disadvantages of Agile?
- Can be difficult to control scope (scope creep)
- Lack of documentation
- Harder to predict costs, time and resources
- Demands on communication and collaboration
When should Agile be used?
- Small to medium sized projects
- Building something new
- Projects where requirements are likely to change
- Deliverables that can be broken down into smaller parts
- Customer that wants to be involved
- Projects with strict/short deadlines
When should Agile not be used?
- Projects with strict requirements
- Safety-critical systems
- Customer not able to be involved
- Inexperienced team
- Projects with a fixed timeline or budget
What are 3 popular Agile methods?
- Extreme Programming (XP)
- Kanban
- SCRUM
